| Howardula | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Nematoda |
| Class: | Secernentea |
| Order: | Tylenchida |
| Family: | Allantonematidae |
| Genus: | Howardula Cobb, 1921 |
Howardula is a genus of nematode that infests the larvae of mushroom-feeding flies, beetles, and other insects. Various Howardula species and strains infest mushroom-feeding Drosophila, including Howardula aoronymphium and Howardula neocosmis.[1] Howardula husseyi can infest the mushroom phorid Megaselia halterata.[2]
- ^ Perlman, Steve J.; Jaenike, John (2003). "Infection Success in Novel Hosts: An Experimental and Phylogenetic Study of Drosophila-Parasitic Nematodes". Evolution. 57 (3): 544–57. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb01546.x. PMID 12703944.
- ^ Rinker, D. L.; Snetsinger, R. J. (1984). "Damage Threshold to a Commercial Mushroom by a Mushroom-Infesting Phorid (Diptera: Phoridae)". Journal of Economic Entomology. 77 (2): 449–453. doi:10.1093/jee/77.2.449.