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Humility is the quality of being humble.[1] The Oxford Dictionary, in its 1998 edition, describes humility as low self-regard and a sense of unworthiness.[2] However, humility involves having an accurate opinion of oneself and expressing oneself modestly as situations demand, with clear goal orientation, openness, broad-mindedness, and a non-imposing mentality.[3] In a religious context, humility can mean a recognition of self about a deity (i.e. God) and subsequent submission to that deity as a religious member.[4][5] Outside of a religious context, humility is defined as being "unselved"—liberated from the consciousness of self—a form of temperance that is neither having pride (or haughtiness) nor indulging in self-deprecation.[6]
Humility refers to a proper sense of self-regard. In contrast, humiliation involves the external imposition of shame on a person. One may misinterpret humility as the capacity to endure humiliation through self-denigration. This misconception arises from the confusion of humility with traits like submissiveness and meekness. Such misinterpretations prioritize self-preservation and self-aggrandizement over true humility, which emphasizes an undiminished focus on the self.[7]
In many religious and philosophical traditions, humility is regarded as a virtue that prioritizes social harmony. It strikes a balance between two sets of qualities. This equilibrium lies in having a reduced focus on oneself, which leads to lower self-importance and diminished arrogance, while also possessing the ability to demonstrate strength, assertiveness, and courage. This virtue is exhibited in the pursuit of upholding social harmony, recognizing our human dependence on it. It contrasts with maliciousness, hubris, and other negative forms of pride, and is an idealistic and rare intrinsic construct that has an extrinsic side.
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The dictionary definition of humble at Wiktionary
- ^ Snyder, C.R.; Lopez, Shane J. (2001). Handbook of Positive Psychology. Oxford University Press. pp. 412+. ISBN 978-0-19-803094-2.
- ^ Davis, Don E.; Worthington, Everett L.; Hook, Joshua N. (2009-04-25). "Humility: Review of measurement strategies and conceptualization as personality judgment". The Journal of Positive Psychology. 5 (4): 243–252. doi:10.1080/17439761003791672. ISSN 1743-9760.
- ^ Herbermann; et al., eds. (1910). "Humility". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. pp. 543–544.
- ^ Herzog; et al., eds. (1860). "Humility". The Protestant theological and ecclesiastical encyclopedia. Vol. 2. pp. 598–599.
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- Peterson, Christopher (2004). Character strengths and virtues a handbook and classification. Washington, DC New York: American Psychological Association Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516701-6.
- Worthington, Everett L. Jr. (2007). Handbook of Forgiveness. Routledge. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-135-41095-7.
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- Schwarzer, Ralf (2012). Personality, human development, and culture: international perspectives on psychological science. Hove: Psychology. pp. 127–129. ISBN 978-0-415-65080-9.
- Jeff Greenberg; Sander L. Koole; Tom Pyszczynski (2013). Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology. Guilford Publications. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-4625-1479-3.
