Back محمد بن كرام السجستاني Arabic محمد بن کرام Persian Ibnu Karram ID Мухаммад ибн Каррам Russian محمد بن کرم سجستانی Urdu
Muhammad ibn Karram | |
|---|---|
| Personal life | |
| Born | 190 H/ 806 CE |
| Died | 255 H/ 868 CE |
| Era | Early Islamic (Abbasid Era) |
| Main interest(s) | Aqeedah, Hadith |
| Notable idea(s) | Iman-Iqrar Equivalence |
| Notable work(s) | Kitab 'Azab al-Qabr, Kitab al-Tawhid |
| Occupation | Scholar of Islam |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Karramiyya[1][Note 1] |
| Jurisprudence | Hanafi |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced by | |
Influenced | |
Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Karram al-Sijistani (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد بن كَرَّام السجستاني) was an ascetic, hellfire preacher, hadith narrator, and a literalist theologian who founded the Karramiyya sect. His views were considered heretical, schismatic, and abominable by the majority of Sunni scholars. He was accused of holding the doctrine of anthropomorphism, and that his chief theological doctrine was that God is a substance (jawhar) and that he had a body (jism); for which reason his followers were commonly called the "Mujassima" (corporealists) and "Mushabbiha" (anthropomorphists).[6][7][8][9][10] [Note 2]
Some sources reported that he was of Arab descent,[13] and his lineage belongs to the Bani Nizar, or Bani Turab (the people or sons of Turab),[14] and according to some, to the Arab tribe of the Banu Nadhir.[15] It has been said that Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) took inspiration from him.[16]
- ^ Much Hasan Darojat, Mohd Fauzi Hamat, and Wan Adli Wan Ramli. "Al-Baqillani's Critique to Anthropomorphist's Concept of The Attributes of God." (2016). p. 2
- ^ a b 'Alawi ibn Abd al-Qadir al-Saqqaf [in Arabic]; et al. كتاب موسوعة الفرق المنتسبة للإسلام (in Arabic). dorar.net. Archived from the original on 2 Feb 2024.
وقام أيضاً أبو عبد الله محمد بن كرام بسجستان ونواحيها ينصر مذهب أهل السنة والجماعة، والمثبتة للصفات والقدر وحب الصحابة وغير ذلك، ويرد على الجهمية والمعتزلة والرافضة وغيرهم، ويوافقهم على أصول مقالاتهم التي بها قالوا ما قالوا، ويخالفهم في لوازمها، كما خالفهم ابن كلاب والأشعري، لكن هؤلاء منتسبون إلى السنة والحديث، وابن كرام منتسب إلى مذهب أهل الرأي
- ^ a b 'Alawi ibn Abd al-Qadir al-Saqqaf [in Arabic]; et al. كتاب موسوعة الفرق المنتسبة للإسلام - الدرر السنية. dorar.net (in Arabic).
- ^ Much Hasan Darojat, Mohd Fauzi Hamat, and Wan Adli Wan Ramli. "Al-Baqillani's Critique to Anthropomorphist's Concept of The Attributes of God." (2016). pp. 6-7 "Another Anthropomorphist, Ibn al-Karram, also maintained his [referring to Muqatil bin Sulayman who was quoted above] theological belief relying on Christianity in terms of the concept of God"
- ^ Zysow, Aron (15 October 2011). "KARRĀMIYA". Iranica. Vol. 15. Encyclopوdia Iranica Foundation. pp. 590–601. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
Among later Muslim thinkers Ebn Taymiya (d. 728/1328) stands out as a sympathetic, if critical, student of Karrāmi theology, and he took it upon himself to write an extensive commentary on Faḵr-al-Din Rāzi's anti-Karrāmi work Asās al-taqdis, in which he defended the traditionist and Karrāmi positions on the key points of dispute
- ^ Moshe Gil (1997). A History of Palestine, 634-1099. Translated by Ethel Broido. Cambridge University Press. p. 301. ISBN 9780521599849.
- ^ Nile Green (2012). Sufism: A Global History. John Wiley & Sons. p. 45. ISBN 9781405157612.
- ^ Al-Dhahabi. "Siyar A'lam al-Nubala' (The Biographies of the Most Noble)" (in Arabic). Islamweb.net.
- ^ Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani. "Lisan al-Mizan (Tongue of the Balance)" (in Arabic). al-eman.com.
- ^ "من هم "الكرامية" ولماذا وصفهم أهل السنة والجماعة بأصحاب البدعة؟" (in Arabic). Youm7.
- ^ William C. Chittick (1992). Faith and Practice of Islam: Three Thirteenth-Century Sufi Texts. State University of New York Press (SUNY Press). p. 194. ISBN 9780791498941.
- ^ Yohanan Friedmann; Christoph Markschies, eds. (2018). Rationalization in Religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Walter de Gruyter. p. 235. ISBN 9783110446395.
- ^ Oliver Leaman, ed. (2015). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Islamic Philosophy. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 197. ISBN 9781472569455.
- ^ "MUHAMMED b. KERRÂM". islamansiklopedisi.org.tr (in Turkish). İslâm Ansiklopedisi.
- ^ "Abdullah ibn Karram". eslam.de (in German). Enzyklopädie des Islam.
- ^ Zysow, Aron (1988). "Two Unrecognized Karrāmī Texts". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 108 (4): 577–587. doi:10.2307/603146. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 603146.
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