Inappropriate affect is an emotional expression that does not align with the content of a person's speech or thoughts, or is unsuitable for the situation at hand.[1] This is often observed in individuals with schizophrenia,[2] where emotional responses, such as laughter, may occur in the absence of a relevant stimulus.[3]
Patients may exhibit excessive or incongruous expressions, such as giggling or loud laughter in response to neutral or somber thoughts, or display grief without apparent cause. This type of affect may suggest that the emotional expression holds personal, subjective meanings for the individual, which may only be understood within their specific context.[4] It is important to differentiate inappropriate affect from culturally influenced emotional expressions that may be deemed appropriate within a specific subculture or ethnic group unfamiliar to the observer, as well as from defensive affects, such as nervous laughter used to manage tension or prevent emotional distress.[4]
- ^ "ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics: MB24.64 Inappropriate affect". World Health Organization. Retrieved 2025-01-12.
- ^ Sadock, Benjamin J.; Sadock, Virginia A. (2008). Kaplan & Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7817-8746-8.
- ^ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing. 2022. pp. 116–117. ISBN 978-0-89042-575-6.
- ^ a b Boland, Robert Joseph; Verduin, Marcia L. (2024-05-07). "Disturbances of behavior". Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Philadelphia Baltimore New York: Wolters Kluwer. p. 3446. ISBN 978-1-9751-7573-3.