Indyanong Pilipino/Indyanong Pinoy/Bumbay (colloquial)/Turko (Cebuano reference) | |
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| Total population | |
| As of the year 2018, there are over 120,000 Indians alone in the Philippines, not including illegal Indian immigrants and Filipinos of Indian descent.[1] Furthermore, according to a Y-DNA compilation by the DNA company Applied Biosystems, they calculated an estimated 1% frequency of the South Asian Y-DNA "H1a" in the Philippines. Thus translating to about 1,011,864 Filipinos having full or partial Indian descent, not including other Filipinos in the Philippines and Filipinos abroad whose DNA (Y-DNA) have not been analyzed.[2][A] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
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Indian Filipinos are Filipinos of Indian descent who have historical connections with and have established themselves in what is now the Philippines. The term refers to Filipino citizens of either pure or mixed Indian descent currently residing in the country, the latter a result of intermarriages between the Indians and local populations.
Archaeological evidence shows the existence of trade between the Indian subcontinent and the Philippine Islands at least since the ninth and tenth centuries B.C.[4] As of the year 2018, there are over 120,000 Indians in the Philippines.[1] Indians in the Philippines have generally arrived in four waves since pre-colonial times: Indian merchants and traders who visited the Philippines regularly from India and Southeast Asia; slaves from South India and Bengal, who made up the majority of slaves imported into the Philippines by the Spanish in the 1500s and 1600s; Indian soldiers and sepoys who arrived in the Philippines and mutinied during the British occupation of the Manila in the 1760s, deserting and intermarrying with native Filipinos; and the fourth wave, continuing to the present of Indians who have immigrated to the Philippines since the 1890s for work, education, and business, with this number continuing to grow as relations between the Philippines and India continue.
The first census in the Philippines was in 1591, based on tributes collected. The tributes counted the total founding population of the Spanish-Philippines as 667,612 people.[5]: 177 [6][7] 20,000 were Chinese migrant traders,[8] at different times: around 15,600 individuals were Latino soldier-colonists who were cumulatively sent from Peru and Mexico and they were shipped to the Philippines annually,[9][10] 3,000 were Japanese residents,[11] and 600 were pure Spaniards from Europe.[12] There was a large but unknown number of South Asian Filipinos, as the majority of the slaves imported into the archipelago were from Bengal and Southern India,[13] adding Dravidian speaking South Indians and Indo-European speaking Bengalis into the ethnic mix.
In addition, Indian-Filipino unions and marriages are very common in countries with large populations of both nationalities, such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the United States, Canada, and Australia.
- ^ a b "Population of Overseas Indians" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs (India). 31 December 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ^ "With a sample population of 105 Filipinos, the company of Applied Biosystems, analysed the Y-DNA of average Filipinos and it is discovered that about 0.95% of the samples have the Y-DNA Haplotype "H1a", which is most common in South Asia and had spread to the Philippines via precolonial Indian missionaries who spread Hinduism and established Indic Rajahnates like Cebu and Butuan". Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
- ^ Kesavapany, K.; Mani, A.; Ramasamy, P. (18 December 2017). Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789812307996 – via Google Books.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
tamilculturewaterloowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Pearson, M. N. (1969). "The Spanish 'Impact' on the Philippines, 1565-1770". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 12 (2). Brill: 165–186. doi:10.2307/3596057. ISSN 0022-4995. JSTOR 3596057. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
- ^ The Unlucky Country: The Republic of the Philippines in the 21st Century By Duncan Alexander McKenzie (page xii)
- ^ Demography Philippine Yearbook 2011 Archived October 24, 2021, at the Wayback Machine Page 3
- ^ Bao Jiemin (2005). "Chinese in Thailand". In Carol R. Ember; Melvin Ember; Ian A. Skoggard (eds.). Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures around the World, Volume 1. Springer. pp. 759–785. ISBN 9780306483219.: 751
- ^ Stephanie Mawson, 'Between Loyalty and Disobedience: The Limits of Spanish Domination in the Seventeenth Century Pacific' (Univ. of Sydney M.Phil. thesis, 2014), appendix 3.
- ^ Mawson, Stephanie J. (August 2016). "Convicts or Conquistadores? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth Century Pacific". Past & Present. 232 (1). Oxford Academic: 87–125. doi:10.1093/pastj/gtw008.
- ^ "Japanese Christian". Philippines: Google map of Paco district of Manila, Philippines. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Spanish Settlers in the Philippines (1571–1599) By Antonio Garcia-Abasalo" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- ^ Peasants, Servants, and Sojourners: Itinerant Asians in Colonial New Spain, 1571-1720 By Furlong, Matthew J. Archived April 29, 2022, at the Wayback Machine "Slaves purchased by the indigenous elites, Spanish and Hokkiens of the colony seemed drawn most often from South Asia, particularly Bengal and South India, and less so, from other sources, such as East Africa, Brunei, Makassar, and Java..." Chapter 2 "Rural Ethnic Diversity" Page 164 (Translated from: "Inmaculada Alva Rodríguez, Vida municipal en Manila (siglos xvi-xvii) (Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba, 1997), 31, 35-36."
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