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Isra' and Mi'raj

For the 17th chapter of the Quran, see al-Isra'.

The Israʾ and Miʿraj (Arabic: الإسراء والمعراج, al-’Isrā’ wal-Miʿrāj) are the two parts of a Night Journey that Muslims believe the Islamic prophet Muhammad (AD 570–632) took during a single night around the year AD 621 (1 BH – 0 BH). It is a story that has been developed [1][2] and told in different versions, like many other stories in the Islamic tradition. In the Israʾ ("Night Journey"), Muhammad is said to have traveled on the back of Buraq (a winged horse-like bird) to Al-Aqsa (i.e. the Noble Sanctuary), where he led other prophets including Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa (Moses), and Isa (Jesus) in prayer.[3]

The Night Journey showing Muhammad, Buraq, Gabriel, Noah, and Idris in the Second Heaven. One of 60 miniatures in the Miraj Nameh of the Timurid dynasty artists illuminated manuscript from Herat in Chaghatai with New Persian and Arabic captions. Bibliothèque nationale de France.

Muhammad then ascended into heaven during the Miʿraj (Ascension), where he individually greeted the prophets, and later spoke to God, who agreed to lower the number of required ṣalāt (ritual prayer) from 50 a day to only five. The story of the journey and ascent are marked as one of the most celebrated in the Islamic calendar—27th of the Islamic month of Rajab.[4]

A stone associated with the Miraj in Islamic tradition and blessed; The round hole at upper left penetrates to a small cave, known as the Well of Souls, below.
Dome of the Rock, at the Temple Mount. Build by the Umayyad Caliphate Abd al-Malik during the Second Fitna in 691–692 CE, on blessed rock mentioned above.

Within Islam, the majority of Islamic scholars claim that the journey was both a physical and spiritual one.[5][6] Islamic tradition believes a brief mention of the story is found in the 17th surah (chapter) of the Quran, called al-Isra',[7] while details of the story are found in the hadith (the later collections of the reports, teachings, deeds and sayings of Muhammad).

  1. ^ Zeidan., Adam. "Miʿrāj". Britannica. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Reiter-2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Reiter, Y. (2008). Jerusalem and Its Role in Islamic Solidarity. Springer. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-349-37460-1.
  4. ^ Bradlow, Khadija (18 August 2007). "A night journey through Jerusalem". Times Online. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
  5. ^ "The Mi'raaj: physical or spiritual? Fatwa No: 83413". Islamweb.net. 17 October 2001. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  6. ^ Martin, Richard C.; Arjomand, Saïd Amir; Hermansen, Marcia; Tayob, Abdulkader; Davis, Rochelle; Voll, John Obert, eds. (2003). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 482. ISBN 978-0-02-865603-8.
  7. ^ Surah Al-Isra 17:1
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