James Whiteside McCay

The Honourable Sir James Whiteside McCay KCMG, KBE, CB, VD
Minister for Defence
In office 18 August 1904 – 2 July 1905
Prime Minister	George Reid
Preceded by	Anderson Dawson
Succeeded by	Thomas Playford
Member of the Australian Parliament for Corinella
In office 29 March 1901 – 12 December 1906
Preceded by	New seat
Succeeded by	Division abolished
Personal details
Born	(1864-12-21)21 December 1864 Ballynure, County Antrim, Ireland
Died	1 October 1930(1930-10-01) (aged 65) Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Nationality	Australian
Political party	Protectionist
Spouse	Julia Mary O'Meara ​ ​ (m. 1896; died 1915)​
Children	Margaret Mary ("Mardi") McCay Beatrix Waring ("Bixie") McCay
Alma mater	University of Melbourne
Occupation	Solicitor, politician, army officer
Military service
Allegiance	Australia
Branch/service	Australian Army
Years of service	1884–1926
Rank	Lieutenant General
Commands	AIF Depots in the United Kingdom (1917–19) 5th Division (1916) 2nd Infantry Brigade (1914–15) 8th Regiment (1900–07)
Battles/wars	First World War Gallipoli Campaign Landing at Anzac Cove Second Battle of Krithia Western Front Battle of Fromelles Battle of the Somme
Awards	Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire Companion of the Order of the Bath Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration Mentioned in Despatches (4) Commander of the Legion of Honour (France)

Lieutenant General Sir James Whiteside McCay, KCMG, KBE, CB, VD (21 December 1864 – 1 October 1930), who often spelt his surname M'Cay,^[1] was an Australian general and politician.

A graduate of the University of Melbourne, where he earned Master of Arts and Master of Laws degrees, McCay established a successful legal practice, McCay & Thwaites. He was a member of the Victorian Parliament for Castlemaine from 1895 to 1899, where he was a champion of women's suffrage and federation. He lost his seat in 1899 but became a member of the first Australian Federal Parliament in 1901. He was Minister for Defence from 1904 to 1905, during which he implemented long-lasting reforms, including the creation of the Military Board.

As a soldier, McCay commanded the 2nd Infantry Brigade in the landing at Anzac Cove on 25 April 1915, during the Gallipoli Campaign of the Great War. He was later wounded in the Second Battle of Krithia and invalided to Australia, but returned to command the 5th Division, which he led in the Battle of Fromelles in 1916, dubbed "the worst 24 hours in Australia's entire history."^[2] His failures in difficult military operations made him a controversial figure who earned the disfavour of his superiors, while his efforts to succeed in the face of insurmountable obstacles earned him the odium of troops under his command, who blamed him for high casualties. In the latter part of the war he commanded the AIF Depots in the United Kingdom.

After the war, McCay resumed his old job as Deputy Chairman of the State Bank of Victoria and also served on a panel that deliberated on the future structure of the Army. He was chairman of the Fair Profits Commission, the War Service Homes Scheme of the Repatriation Commission, and the Repatriation Commission's Disposals Board. He commanded the Special Constabulary Force during the 1923 Victorian Police strike.