Back جان بيترسون كوين ARZ Jan Pieterszoon Coen German Jan Pieterszoon Coen Esperanto Jan Pieterszoon Coen Spanish یان پیترزون کوئن Persian Jan Pieterszoon Coen Finnish Jan Pieterszoon Coen French Jan Pieterssoan Coen Frisian יאן פיטרסון קון HE Jan Pieterszoon Coen ID
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Jan Pieterszoon Coen | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by Jacob Waben | |
| Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies | |
| In office 30 September 1627 – 21 September 1629 | |
| Preceded by | Pieter de Carpentier |
| Succeeded by | Jacques Specx |
| In office 30 April 1618 – 1 February 1623 | |
| Preceded by | Laurens Reael |
| Succeeded by | Pieter de Carpentier |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 8 January 1587 Hoorn, Dutch Republic |
| Died | 21 September 1629 (aged 42) Batavia, Dutch East Indies |
| Spouse | |
| Military service | |
| Battles/wars | |
Jan Pieterszoon Coen (Dutch pronunciation: [jɑn ˈpitərsoːŋ ˈkun]; 8 January 1587 – 21 September 1629) was a Dutch naval officer of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the early 17th century, holding two terms as governor-general of the Dutch East Indies. He was the founder of Batavia, capital of the Dutch East Indies.[1] Renowned for providing the impulse that set the VOC on the path to dominance in the Dutch East Indies, he was long considered a national hero in the Netherlands. Since the 19th century, his legacy has become controversial due to the brutal violence he employed in order to secure a trade monopoly on nutmeg, mace and clove.[2] He led the final Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands in 1621, which culminated in the Banda massacre, which saw 2,800 Bandanese killed and 1,700 enslaved by the Dutch.[3] This is regarded as an act of genocide and earned him the nickname of 'Butcher of Banda'.[4]
A famed quote of his from 1618, Despair not, spare your enemies not, for God is with us, illustrates his single-minded ruthlessness, and his unstinting belief in the divinely-sanctioned nature of his project. Using such self-professed divine sanction to violently pursue his ultimate goal of trade monopoly in the East Indies, Dutch soldiers acting on Coen's orders perpetrated numerous wanton acts of destruction in the spice islands of (now) eastern Indonesia, including the infamous Banda Massacre of 1621. The purpose of this was to gain a monopoly upon the supply of nutmeg and mace in order to sustain artificially high prices and profits for the Dutch investors of the VOC. This was deemed by many to be excessive, even for such a relatively violent age. Consequently, since the independence of Indonesia he has been looked at in a more critical light, and historians view his often violent methods to have been excessive.
- ^ Web Editorial Team, Perpustakaan Digital Republik Indonesia (31 August 2015). "Profil Tokoh Batavia". Perpustakaan Digital Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 December 2023.
- ^ Khoirul M, Afif (31 May 2023). "Sosok Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Penguasa Rempah-Rempah Sekaligus Pendiri Batavia". Intisari Online (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 December 2023.
- ^ Straver, Hans (2018). Vaders en dochters: Molukse historie in de Nederlandse literatuur van de negentiende eeuw en haar weerklank in Indonesië [Fathers and Daughters: Moluccan History in Nineteenth-Century Dutch Literature and Its Resonance in Indonesia] (in Dutch). Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren. pp. 90–91. ISBN 9789087047023. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
Om hierin naar behooren te voorzien is het noodig dat Banda t'eenemaal vermeesterd en met ander volk gepeupleerd worde.
[To provide for this properly it is necessary that Banda be completely captured and populated with other people.] - ^ Dennis De Witt (2011). History of the Dutch in Malaysia. Nutmeg Publishing. p. 29. ISBN 978-983-43519-3-9.