Back يوهانس فيبيغر Arabic جوهانس فيبيجر ARZ ژوهانس فیبیگر AZB Іаханес Андрэас Грыб Фібігер Byelorussian Йоханес Фибигер Bulgarian ইয়োহ্যানেস ফিবিগার Bengali/Bangla Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger Catalan جۆھانس فیبگەر CKB Johannes Fibiger Czech Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger Welsh
Johannes Fibiger | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger 23 April 1867 Silkeborg, Denmark |
| Died | 30 January 1928 (aged 60) Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Alma mater | University of Copenhagen |
| Known for | Induction of cancer using Spiroptera carcinoma |
| Spouse |
Mathilde Fibiger (m. 1894) |
| Children | 2 |
| Awards | 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Medicine Parasitology |
| Institutions | University of Copenhagen Royal Danish Army Medical Corps |
| Author abbrev. (zoology) | Fibiger |
Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger (23 April 1867 – 30 January 1928) was a Danish physician and professor of anatomical pathology at the University of Copenhagen. He was the recipient of the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma". He claimed to have shown that the roundworm which he called Spiroptera carcinoma (but is correctly named Gongylonema neoplasticum) could cause stomach cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) in rats and mice. His experimental results were later proven to be a case of mistaken conclusion.
While working at the Institute of Pathological Anatomy of University of Copenhagen, Fibiger discovered new roundworms in 1907 from wild rats. He suspected that the roundworms were responsible for stomach cancer in those rats. In 1913, he reported that he could experimentally induce cancer in healthy rats using the roundworms. His discovery was considered "the greatest contribution to experimental medicine" at the time.[1] In 1926, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Katsusaburo Yamagiwa, who had experimentally induced carcinoma by painting crude coal tar on the inner surface of rabbits' ears in 1915. However, they were considered undeserving, and the 1926 prize was not given. In the next year Fibiger alone was retrospectively chosen for the 1926 Nobel Prize.
After his death, independent researches proved that G. neoplasticum cannot cause cancer. Tumours and cancer produced by Fibiger were due to vitamin A deficiency. Historical reassessment of Fibiger's data revealed that he had mistaken non-cancerous tumours for cancerous tumours. Erling Norrby, who had served as the Permanent Secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Professor and Chairman of Virology at the Karolinska Institute, in 2010 declared Fibiger's Nobel Prize as "one of the biggest blunders made by the Karolinska Institute."[2]
Fibiger's research method on diphtheria is regarded as the origin of an important research methodology in medicine known as controlled clinical trial.[3]
- ^ Wernstedt, W. (1927). "Award Ceremony Speech". www.nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- ^ Norrby, Erling (2010). Nobel Prizes and Life Sciences. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. p. 115. ISBN 978-9-81-429937-4.
- ^ Gluud, C N (1998). "[Centenary of Fibiger's controlled clinical trial]". Ugeskrift for Læger. 160 (51) (published 14 December 1998): 7407–8. PMID 9889652.