Johor

Johor
State
State and Occupied Territories of Johor, the Abode of Dignity Negeri dan Jajahan Takluk Johor Darul Ta'zim نݢري دان جاجهن تعلوق جوهر دارالتّعظيم‎
Other transcription(s)
• Jawi	جوهر‎
• Chinese	柔佛 Róufó (Hanyu Pinyin)
• Tamil	ஜொகூர் Jokūr (Transliteration)
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname(s):  Darul Ta'zim[1] دارالتّعظيم‎ Abode of Dignity[2]
Motto(s):  Kepada Allah Berserah[1] کڤد الله برسراه‎ To Allah We Surrender[1]
Anthem: Lagu Bangsa Johor لاݢو بڠسا جوهر‎ Johor State Anthem
Johor in    Malaysia
OpenStreetMap
Coordinates: 1°59′27″N 103°28′58″E / 1.99083°N 103.48278°E / 1.99083; 103.48278
Country	Malaysia
Capital (and largest city)	Johor Bahru[a][3]
Royal capital	Muar
Government
• Type	Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Sultan	Ibrahim Ismail
• Regent	Tunku Ismail
• Menteri Besar	Onn Hafiz Ghazi (BN–UMNO)
Area [4]
• Total	19,166 km2 (7,400 sq mi)
Highest elevation (Mount Ledang)	1,276 m (4,186 ft)
Population  (2023)[4]
• Total	4,100,900 (2nd)
• Density	209.2/km2 (542/sq mi)
Demonym	Johorean / Johorian
Demographics (2023)[5]
• Ethnic composition	Bumiputera: 60.1% Chinese: 32.8% Indian: 6.6% Non-Malaysian citizen: 6.0%
• Dialects	Johor-Riau Malay • Terengganu Malay • Jakun • Duano' • Orang Seletar Other ethnic minority languages
State Index
• HDI (2022)	0.794 (high) (10th)[6]
• TFR (2017)	2.1[4]
• GDP (2021)	RM131.1 billion, USD29.26 billion[4]
• GDP per capita (2021)	RM32,696, USD7,297 [4]
Time zone	UTC+8 (MST[7])
Postal code	79xxx[8] to 86xxx,[9] 73400
Calling code	07[b] 06 (Muar and Tangkak)[10]
ISO 3166 code	MY-01, 21–24[11]
Vehicle registration	J[12]
Johor Sultanate	1528
Anglo–Johor Treaty	1885
Johor State Constitution	14 April 1895
British protectorate	1914
Japanese occupation	31 January 1942
Accession into the Federation of Malaya	1948
Independence as part of the Federation of Malaya	31 August 1957
Federated as part of Malaysia	16 September 1963
Website	www.johor.gov.my
^[a] Kota Iskandar, Iskandar Puteri is the state administrative centre and the seat of the Johor state government (executive branch & legislative branch). However, Johor Bahru remains the official capital of the Johor state. ^[b] Except Muar and Tangkak.

Johor (/dʒəˈhɔːr/; Malay pronunciation: [d͡ʒoho(r)], also spelled Johore or historically, Jahore) is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. It borders with Pahang, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the north. Johor has maritime borders with Singapore to the south and Indonesia to the east and west. As of 2023, the state's population is 4.09 million, making it the second most populous state in Malaysia, after Selangor.^[13][14] Johor Bahru is the capital city and the economic centre of the state, Kota Iskandar is the state administrative centre and Muar serves as the royal capital.

As one of the nation's most important economic powerhouses, Johor has the highest gross domestic product (GDP) in Malaysia outside of the Klang Valley, making it the country's second largest state economy, behind Selangor. It also has the second highest mean household income among all states in Malaysia.^[15] Johor is a major logistics centre and the largest transshipment hub in Malaysia, home to the Port of Tanjung Pelepas, the 15th busiest port in the world.^[16] Johor Bahru is also the core city of Iskandar Malaysia that covers much of southern Johor, which is the country's largest special economic zone by investment value.

Johor has high diversity in ethnicity, culture, and language. The state is known for its traditional dance of Zapin and Kuda kepang. The head of state is the Sultan of Johor, while the head of government is the Menteri Besar. The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system, with the state administration divided into administrative districts. Islam is the state religion per the 1895 Constitution of Johor, but other religions can be freely practised. Malay is the official language for the state. Johor has highly diverse tropical rainforests and an equatorial climate. Situated at the southern foothills of the Tenasserim Hills, inselbergs and massifs dominate the state's flat landscape, with Mount Ledang being the highest point.