Juan Santos Atahualpa

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Juan Santos Atahualpa
Effigy of Juan Santos Atahualpa in the "Pantheon of Heroes" in Lima
Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire self-proclaimed
Reign	c. May 1742 - c. 1756
Predecessor	Túpac Amaru (as Sapa Inca of the Neo-Inca State) Paullu Inca (as puppet Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire) Atahualpa (as legitimate Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire)
Successor	Tupac Amaru II (as indirect successor)
Born	c. 1710 Cuzco, Viceroyalty of Peru
Died	c. 1756 Peruvian Yungas
Religion	Inca-Christian syncretism

Juan Santos Atahualpa
Location Of Quimiri, One of the missions destroyed by Juan Santos.
Coordinates: 11°01′55″S 75°19′01″W / 11.032°S 75.317°W / -11.032; -75.317
Elevation	719 m (2,358 ft)

Juan Santos Atahualpa Apu-Inca Huayna Capac^[1] (c. 1710 – c. 1756) was the messianic leader of a successful indigenous rebellion in the Amazon Basin and Andean foothills against the Viceroyalty of Peru in the Spanish Empire. The Juan Santos Rebellion began in 1742 in the Gran Pajonal among the Asháninka people. The indigenous people expelled Catholic missionaries and destroyed or forced the evacuation of 23 missions, many of them defended, in the central jungle area of Peru. Several Spanish military expeditions tried to suppress the rebellion but failed or were defeated. In 1752, Santos attempted to expand his rebellion into the Andes and gain the support of the highland people. He captured the town of Andamarca and held it for three days before withdrawing to the jungle. Santos disappeared from the historical record after 1752.

Santos, Jesuit-educated with both Christian and millenarian ideas, claimed to be the reincarnation of Atahualpa, the Inca emperor at the time of the Spanish conquest of Peru. His objective seems to have been the expulsion of the Spanish from Peru and the restoration of the Inca Empire. He failed in that ambitious goal, but he and his followers succeeded in expelling Catholic missionaries and preventing Spanish and Peruvian settlement in a large area of the Peruvian yungas (high jungle or montaña) for more than one hundred years. "Santos' rebellion had given the Indigenous people of the jungle a previously unknown unity and had awakened in them an ancient taste for freedom and independence."^[2]