Kalibr (missile family)

Kalibr
An export variant of the missile (mockup)
Type	Cruise missile Anti-ship missile
Place of origin	Russia
Service history
In service	1994
Used by	See Operators
Wars	Syrian Civil War Russo-Ukrainian War
Production history
Manufacturer	Novator Design Bureau, KTRV, MKB Fakel, NPO Mash, Raduga, NPO Zvezda Strela (Orenburg)
Unit cost	$6.5 million (export cost, anti-ship version)[1]
Produced	1994–present
Specifications
Mass	Varies on variant, from 1,300 kg-1,780 kg-2,300 kg
Length	Varies on variant, from 6.2 m to 8.9 m
Diameter	(ca. 0.514 m) 0.533 m
Warhead	400–500 kg[2][3]
Engine	Multi-stage solid-fuel rocket, turbojet engine for 3M-54/E/TE/E1/TE1, -14/E/TE, solid fuel rocket for 91RE1/RTE2
Operational range	91R variants: ≥50 km 3M54E (export anti-ship version): 220 km 3M54E1/3M14E (export anti-ship version): 300 km 3M54K/3M54T: 660 km (domestic anti-ship version, estimate) 3M14K/3M14T: 1,500–2,500 km (domestic land-attack version, estimate)
Flight ceiling	1,000 m
Flight altitude	50–150 m AGL 20 m over water[2]
Maximum speed	0.8–2.5–3.0 Mach
Guidance system	Inertial guidance plus terminal active radar homing
Accuracy	2-3 m (domestic version, with GLONASS) 50 m CEP (Club-T export version, without GLONASS) [4]
Launch platform	naval ships, submarines, containers, TEL

The Novator Kalibr (Калибр, caliber), also referred to as 3M54-1 Kalibr, 3M14 Biryuza (Бирюза, turquoise), (NATO reporting name SS-N-27 Sizzler and SS-N-30A) is a family of Russian cruise missiles developed by NPO Novator (OKB-8). It first saw service in 1994. There are ship-launched, submarine-launched and air-launched versions of the missile, and variants for anti-ship, and land attack use. Some versions have a second propulsion stage that initiates a supersonic sprint in the terminal approach to the target, reducing the time that air defense systems have to react, while subsonic versions have greater range than the supersonic variants. The missile can carry a warhead weighing up to 500 kilograms (1,100 lb).