Back خانية خيوة Arabic Xivə xanlığı Azerbaijani خیوه خانلیغی AZB Хиуа ханлығы Bashkir Хівінскае ханства Byelorussian Хиванско ханство Bulgarian খিভা খানাত Bengali/Bangla Kanat de Khivà Catalan Chivský chanát Czech Khiva-khanatet Danish
Khanate of Khiva | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1511–1920 | |||||||||
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 The Khanate of Khiva (bordered in red), c. 1700. | |||||||||
| Status |
| ||||||||
| Capital | Konye-Urgench (1511—1598) Khiva (1599—1920) | ||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Absolute hereditary monarchy | ||||||||
| Khan | |||||||||
• 1511–1518 | Ilbars I (first) | ||||||||
• 1918–1920 | Sayid Abdullah (last) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1511 | ||||||||
• Afsharid conquest | 1740 | ||||||||
| 1804 | |||||||||
| 12 August 1873 | |||||||||
| 2 February 1920 | |||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| 1911[7] | 67,521 km2 (26,070 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1902[5] | 700,000 | ||||||||
• 1908[6] | 800,000 | ||||||||
• 1911[7] | 550,000 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | |||||||||
| History of Turkmenistan |
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 Turkmenistan portal |
The Khanate of Khiva (Chagatay: خیوه خانلیگی, romanized: Khivâ Khânligi, Persian: خانات خیوه, romanized: Khânât-e Khiveh, Uzbek: Xiva xonligi, Хива хонлиги, Turkmen: Hywa hanlygy, Russian: Хивинское ханство, romanized: Khivinskoye khanstvo) was a Central Asian polity[8] that existed in the historical region of Khwarazm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Afsharid occupation by Nader Shah between 1740 and 1746. Centred in the irrigated plains of the lower Amu Darya, south of the Aral Sea, with the capital in the city of Khiva. It covered present-day western Uzbekistan, southwestern Kazakhstan and much of Turkmenistan before the Russian conquest at the second half of the 19th century.
In 1873, the Khanate of Khiva was greatly reduced in size and became a Russian protectorate. The other regional protectorate that lasted until the Revolution was the Emirate of Bukhara. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Khiva had a revolution too, and in 1920 the Khanate was replaced by the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic. In 1924, the area was formally incorporated into the Soviet Union and today it is largely a part of Karakalpakstan, Xorazm Region in Uzbekistan, and Daşoguz Region of Turkmenistan.
- ^ Grenoble, Lenore (2003). Language Policy of the Soviet Union. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 143. ISBN 1-4020-1298-5.
- ^ Oliver, Roy (2007). The New Central Asia: Geopolitics and the Birth of Nations. I.B.Tauris. p. 10. ISBN 9781845115524.
They all had Persian as both their court language and the language of culture and all the successive sovereigns in each of the three instances were of Turkish origin: the Safavid followed by the Qajars in Iran; the Moghuls in India... in the various emirates Transoxiania (Bukhara Khiva and Kokand).
- ^ Nancy Rosenberger (2011), Seeking Food Rights: Nation, Inequality and Repression in Uzbekistan, p. 27
- ^ Bregel, Y.E. (1961). Khwarazm Turkmens in the 19th Century. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Asian Peoples. Publishing house of Oriental literature. pp. 7–38.
- ^ Vegetation Degradation in Central Asia Under the Impact of Human Activities, Nikolaĭ Gavrilovich Kharin, page 49, 2002
- ^ "map: The Moslem World". 3.bp.blogspot.com.
- ^ The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia, Adeeb Khalid, page 16, 1998
- ^ Peter B. Golden (2011), Central Asia in World History, p.114