Back زراعة الكلى Arabic Бъбречна трансплантация Bulgarian বৃক্ক প্রতিস্থাপন Bengali/Bangla Trasplantament renal Catalan چاندنی گورچیلە CKB Transplantace ledvin Czech Nierentransplantation German ގުރުދާ ބަދަލުކުރުން DV Trasplante de riñón Spanish Giltzurrun-transplante Basque
| Kidney Transplantation | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Other names | Renal transplantation |
| Specialty | Nephrology, transplantology |
| ICD-10-PCS | OTY |
| ICD-9-CM | 55.6 |
| MeSH | D016030 |
| OPS-301 code | 5-555 |
| MedlinePlus | 003005 |
Kidney transplant or renal transplant is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). Kidney transplant is typically classified as deceased-donor (formerly known as cadaveric) or living-donor transplantation depending on the source of the donor organ. Living-donor kidney transplants are further characterized as genetically related (living-related) or non-related (living-unrelated) transplants, depending on whether a biological relationship exists between the donor and recipient. The first successful kidney transplant was performed in 1954 by a team including Joseph Murray, the recipient's surgeon, and Hartwell Harrison, surgeon for the donor. Murray was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1990 for this and other work.[1] In 2018, an estimated 95,479 kidney transplants were performed worldwide, 36% of which came from living donors.[2]
Before receiving a kidney transplant, a person with ESRD must undergo a thorough medical evaluation to make sure that they are healthy enough to undergo transplant surgery. If they are deemed a good candidate, they can be placed on a waiting list to receive a kidney from a deceased donor.[3] Once they are placed on the waiting list, they can receive a new kidney very quickly, or they may have to wait many years; in the United States, the average waiting time is three to five years.[4] During transplant surgery, the new kidney is usually placed in the lower abdomen (belly); the person's two native kidneys are not usually taken out unless there is a medical reason to do so.[3]
People with ESRD who receive a kidney transplant generally live longer than people with ESRD who are on dialysis and may have a better quality of life.[3] However, kidney transplant recipients must remain on immunosuppressants (medications to suppress the immune system) for as long as the new kidney is working to prevent their body from rejecting it.[3] This long-term immunosuppression puts them at higher risk for infections and cancer.[5] Kidney transplant rejection can be classified as cellular rejection or antibody-mediated rejection. Antibody-mediated rejection can be classified as hyperacute, acute, or chronic, depending on how long after the transplant it occurs. If rejection is suspected, a kidney biopsy should be obtained.[5] It is important to regularly monitor the new kidney's function by measuring serum creatinine and other tests; these should be done at least every three months.[5]
- ^ Shrestha B, Haylor J, Raftery A (March 2015). "Historical Perspectives in Kidney Transplantation: An Updated Review". Progress in Transplantation. 25 (1). Sage Publishing: 64–69. doi:10.7182/pit2015789. eISSN 2164-6708. PMID 25758803. S2CID 26032497.
- ^ "International Report on Organ Donation And Transplantation Activities: Executive Summary 2018" (PDF). Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation. ONT/WHO. October 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
- ^ a b c d "20 Common Kidney Transplant Questions and Answers". National Kidney Foundation. 19 October 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ^ "The Kidney Transplant Waitlist – What You Need to Know". National Kidney Foundation. 19 October 2023. What is the average wait time for a kidney transplant?. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ^ a b c Voora S, Adey DB (June 2019). "Management of Kidney Transplant Recipients by General Nephrologists: Core Curriculum 2019". American Journal of Kidney Diseases (Core curriculum). 73 (6): 866–879. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.031. PMID 30981567.