Back مملكة ميوار Arabic Mewar Catalan Mévár Czech Mewar Spanish Mewar Finnish État d'Udaipur French उदयपुर रियासत Hindi Negara Udaipur ID Regno Mewar Italian メーワール王国 Japanese
Kingdom of Mewar | |
|---|---|
| 566–1949 | |
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
| Motto: "The Almighty protects the one who upholds righteousness" | |
 The Kingdom of Mewar at its greatest extent c. 1521
| |
 The Udaipur State in 1909 within the Rajputana Agency | |
| Capital | |
| Common languages | Mewari[5] |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Government |
|
| Maharana | |
• 566-586 | Rawal Guhil |
• 728-764 | Bappa Rawal |
• 1326-1364 | Hammir Singh |
• 1508-1528 | Rana Sanga |
• 1572-1597 | Maharana Pratap |
• 1930-1948 | Bhupal Singh |
| History | |
• Established | 566 |
| 1949 | |
| Area | |
| 1901[6] | 33,030 km2 (12,750 sq mi) |
| 1941[7] | 33,517 km2 (12,941 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 1941[7] | 1,926,698 |
| Today part of | India Pakistan |
The Kingdom of Mewar was an independent Hindu kingdom that existed in the Rajputana region of the Indian subcontinent and later became a dominant state in medieval India.[8] The kingdom was initially founded and ruled by the Guhila dynasty followed by the Sisodiya Dynasty.[9][10]
The earliest kingdom was centered around the south-central part of Rajasthan, state of India. It was bordered by the Aravali Range to the northwest, Ajmer to the north, Gujarat, Vagad and Malwa regions to the south and the Hadoti region to the east.[11]
Mewar rose to prominence in the reign of Bappa Rawal(7th Century A.D.) known for his involvement in thwarting Arab incursions in India.[12] Over time, It became vassal to Imperial Pratihar, Parmars and then to Chauhans.[13][14] In the early 10th century, Mewar emerged as an independent state, actively battling neighboring powers and confronting the expansion of Delhi Sultanate until the fall of its capital Chittorgarh in 1303 against the latter, leading to the annihilation of Guhila Dynasty.[15][16]
The Sisodia dynasty junior branch of Guhilas re-occupied Mewar in 1326, ushering in a golden age characterized by military prowess and territorial expansion.[17] Under the reigns of Maharana Kumbha and his grandson Maharana Sanga, Mewar achieved victories against Islamic States of Malwa, Gujarat and Delhi particularly in Mewar-Malwa conflicts and Mewar- Delhi conflicts.[8][18] It also successfully fought off and vassalized neighboring Hindu kingdoms. At its zenith, it controlled large parts of Northern India. The kingdom faced decline following Maharana Sanga's death.[19] However, it continued to resist Mughal expansion, most notably under Maharana Pratap. Though it later became a vassal state with significant degree of autonomy.[20] Sovereign leaders like Raj Singh and his successors led rebellions culminating in de facto independence for Mewar, notably Rathore Rebellion and Rajput- Mughal war(1708-1710).[21] Eventually, falling under Maratha Confederacy's influence and accepting British suzerainty in 1818, Mewar remained a princely state until it joined the Union of India in 1947.[22][23]
Mewar's legacy includes its prolonged resistance against the Islamic invasion and traditions like Jauhar (self-immolation) witnessed during the time of defeats.[24][25] The Kingdom, primarily a Hindu state, patronized Jainism and Buddhism. Among the Mewar's, UNESCO World Heritage Sites are Kumbhalgarh and Chittorgarh, described variously as the jewels of Rajput architect in India. Udaipur, also known as the city of lakes and one of the largest cities of the North India was also founded by the Rana of Mewar, Udai Singh II.[26]
- ^
- For Marwar, Amber, Dungarpur, Sirohi, Dungarpur and Banswara: R. C. Majumdar (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People: Volume 6. p. 344.
the boundaries of Mewar were considerably extended. On the north, they were pushed up as far as the Bayana River. In the east, Raisen, Kalpi and Chanderi, were included within her territories. In the south, Dungarpur and Banswara were held by a vassal, and her frontiers ran far into the heart of Malwa. To the south-west, Sirohi was ruled by the Rana's son-in-law. Even the chiefs of Marwar and Ambar, according to Tod, acknowledged his allegiance
- For Mewat: Har Bilas Sarda (1970). Maharana Sāngā, the Hindupat: The Last Great Leader of the Rajput Race. p. 99.
The greater part of Malwa had been conquered and incorporated with Mewar. Ranthambhore, Gagrone, Kalpi, Bhilsa and Chanderi were under the sway of the Maharana. Ajmer had been taken and Abu reduced, and Sanga's governors administered both districts. Sanga reduced to submission the Khanzadas of Mewat.
- For Marwar, Amber, Dungarpur, Sirohi, Dungarpur and Banswara: R. C. Majumdar (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People: Volume 6. p. 344.
- ^ a b c Bhattacharya, A.N. (2000). Human Geography of Mewar. Himanshu Publications. ISBN 9788186231906.
- ^ Agarwal, B.D. (1979). Rajasthan District Gazetteers, Udaipur. Jaipur: Directorate of District Gazetteers.
- ^ Ram Vallabh Somani 1976, pp. 245.
- ^ Ojha, Gaurishankar Hirachand (1990). उदयपुर राज्य का इतिहास [History of Udaipur State]. Rajasthani Granthagar.
- ^ Bannerman, A.D. (1902). Census of India 1901, Vol. XXV-A, Rajputana, Part II Imperial Tables (PDF). Newal Kishore Press.
- ^ a b Dashora, Yamunalal (8 March 2024). Mewar in 1941 or A Summary of Census Statistics. R.C. Sharma.
- ^ a b Bhatnagar, V.S (1974). Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688-1743. Impex India. p. 6.
- ^ Somani, Ram Vallabh (1995). Maharana Kumbha and His TImes. Jaipur Publishing House. p. 4.
- ^ Majumdar, R.C (1967). History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 326.
- ^ Somani, Ram Vallabh (1976). History of Mewar: from earliest times to 1751 A.D. C.L. Ranka, Jaipur. p. 1.
- ^ Somani, Ram Vallabh (1976). History of Mewar from the Earliest Time to 1751 A.D. p. 45.
- ^ Majumdar, R,C (1977). Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 300.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Narain Seth, Krishna (27 May 1978). The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa. p. 94.
- ^ Somani, Ram Vallabh (1976). History of Mewar From Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. p. 51.
- ^ Hooja, Rima (2005). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and Co. p. 308.
- ^ Majumdar, R.C (1967). History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate. Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 327.
- ^ Mankekar, D.R (1976). Mewar Saga. p. 39.
- ^ Mankekar, D.R (1976). Mewar Saga. p. 42.
- ^ Chandra, Satish. Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals (1206–1526). p. 123. ISBN 9788124110669.
- ^ Hooja, Rima (2005). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and Co. pp. 595–625.
- ^ Somani, Ram Vallabh (1976). History of Mewar Frlom Earliest Time To 1751 A.D. pp. 338–339.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Bhattacharya, Manoshi (2008). The Royal Rajputs. Rupa and Co. pp. 42–46.
- ^ Sharma, G.N (1954). Mewar and the Mughal Emperors. Shiva Lal Agarwala.
- ^ Cashman, Richard I. (1975). The myth of the Lokamanya : Tilak and mass politics in Maharashtra. Internet Archive. Berkeley : University of California Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-520-02407-6.
- ^ Hooja, Rima (2005). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and CO. pp. 462–463. ISBN 978-81-291-0890-6.