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Lava tube

Valentine Cave, a lava tube in Lava Beds National Monument, California shows the classic tube shape; the grooves on the wall mark former flow levels.
Thurston Lava Tube in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. The step mark, more visible on the right wall, indicates the depth at which the lava flowed for a period of time.
Rare characteristics of lava tubes are lava pillars. This is the Manjanggul lava pillar located in the Manjanggul lava tubes, on the island of Jeju-do, Korea.
Lavacicles on the ceiling of Mushpot Cave in Lava Beds National Monument
Close-up of a skylight on a coastal plain, with lava stalactites forming on the roof of the tube, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
Entrance of a lava tube, Big island, Hawaii

A lava tube, or more rarely called pyroduct[1], is defined as a 'roofed conduit through which molten lava travels away from its vent'.[2] If lava in the tube drains out, it will leave an empty cave. Lava tubes are common in low-viscosity volcanic systems. Lava tubes are incredibly important as they are able to transport molten lava much further away from the eruptive vent than lava channels. A tube-forming lava flow can emplace on longer distance due to the presence of a solid crust protecting the molten lava from atmospheric cooling.[3][4] Lava tubes need to be accounted when preparing hazard maps and managing eruptive crisis.

  1. ^ Kempe, Stephan (1 January 2012), "Volcanic Rock Caves", in White, William B.; Culver, David C. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Caves (Second Edition), Amsterdam: Academic Press, pp. 865–873, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-383832-2.00125-0, ISBN 978-0-12-383832-2, retrieved 12 February 2025
  2. ^ Kauahikaua, Jim; Cashman, Katharine V.; Mattox, Tari N.; Heliker, C. Christina; Hon, Ken A.; Mangan, Margaret T.; Thornber, Carl R. (10 November 1998). "Observations on basaltic lava streams in tubes from Kilauea Volcano, island of Hawai'i". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 103 (B11): 27303–27323. Bibcode:1998JGR...10327303K. doi:10.1029/97JB03576. ISSN 0148-0227.
  3. ^ Witter, Jeffrey B.; Harris, Andrew J. L. (January 2007). "Field measurements of heat loss from skylights and lava tube systems". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 112 (B1). Bibcode:2007JGRB..112.1203W. doi:10.1029/2005JB003800. ISSN 0148-0227.
  4. ^ Keszthelyi, Laszlo (10 October 1995). "A preliminary thermal budget for lava tubes on the Earth and planets". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 100 (B10): 20411–20420. Bibcode:1995JGR...10020411K. doi:10.1029/95JB01965. ISSN 0148-0227.
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