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Lava tube

Valentine Cave, a lava tube in Lava Beds National Monument, California shows the classic tube shape; the grooves on the wall mark former flow levels.
Thurston Lava Tube in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. The step mark, more visible on the right wall, indicates the depth at which the lava flowed for a period of time.
Rare characteristics of lava tubes are lava pillars. This is the Manjanggul lava pillar located in the Manjanggul lava tubes, on the island of Jeju-do, Korea.
Lavacicles on the ceiling of Mushpot Cave in Lava Beds National Monument
Close-up of a skylight on a coastal plain, with lava stalactites forming on the roof of the tube, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
Entrance of a lava tube, Big island, Hawaii

A lava tube, or pyroduct,[1] is a natural conduit formed by flowing lava from a volcanic vent that moves beneath the hardened surface of a lava flow. If lava in the tube empties, it will leave a cave.

Scientists have discovered fossils in lava tubes near Medina in northwestern Saudi Arabia,[2] encouraging the belief that both humans and animals used the site for refuge from the harsh climate.[3]

  1. ^ "Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park – Lava Tubes". National Park Service. 28 April 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  2. ^ Stewart, Mathew; Andrieux, Eric; Blinkhorn, James; Guagnin, Maria; Fernandes, Ricardo; Vanwezer, Nils; Hatton, Amy; Alqahtani, Mesfer; Zalmout, Iyad; Clark-Wilson, Richard; Al-Mufarreh, Yahya S. A.; Al-Shanti, Mahmoud; Zahrani, Badr; Omari, Abdulaziz Al; Al-Jibreen, Faisal (17 April 2024). "First evidence for human occupation of a lava tube in Arabia: The archaeology of Umm Jirsan Cave and its surroundings, northern Saudi Arabia". PLOS ONE. 19 (4): e0299292. Bibcode:2024PLoSO..1999292S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299292. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 11023468. PMID 38630666.
  3. ^ Woodward, Aylin (20 June 2024). "Humans, and Hyenas, Sheltered in Cave-Like Lava Tubes Millennia Ago". WSJ. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
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