Back লিঙ্গায়েত ধর্ম Bengali/Bangla Lingaiatisme Catalan Lingajáta Czech Lingayatismus German Lingayatismo Spanish لینگایاتیسم Persian Lingayatisme French लिंगायत मत Hindi Lingájatok Hungarian Linggayatisme ID
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| Shaivism |
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 Basava, 12th-century statesman, philosopher, poet and Lingayat saint | |
| Founder | |
|---|---|
| Basava (1131–1167 CE), Allama Prabhu, Akka Mahadevi, Channabasavanna and Siddharama.[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Karnataka | 15,893,983[note 1][2] |
| Maharashtra | 6,742,460[note 2][2] |
| Telangana | 1,500,000[note 3][3] |
| Religions | |
| Hinduism | |
| Scriptures | |
| Vachana sahitya • Karana Hasuge • Basava purana • Shunyasampadane • Mantra Gopya | |
| Languages | |
| Kannada • Marathi[4] | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Website | |
| https://virashaiva.com/ | |
The Lingayats are a monotheistic religious sect of Shaivism within Hinduism.[5][6] Lingayats are also known as liṅgāyataru, liṅgavanta, vīraśaiva, liṅgadhāri.[7] Lingayats are known for their unique practice of Ishtalinga worship, where adherents carry a personal linga symbolizing a constant, intimate relationship with Parashiva.[8] A radical feature of lingayats is their staunch opposition to the caste system and advocacy for social equality, challenging societal norms of the time.[9] Its philosophical tenets are encapsulated in Vachanas, a form of devotional poetry.[10] The tradition also emphasizes Kayaka (work) and Dasoha (service) as forms of worship, underscoring the sanctity of labor and service to others.[11] Unlike mainstream Hinduism, Lingayats reject scriptural authority of vedas, puranas, superstition, astrology, vedic priesthood ritualistic practices, and the concept of rebirth, promoting a direct, personal experience of the divine.[7][8]
Lingayats are considered as a Shaiva tradition or Sampradaya (sect).[12][13][14] because their beliefs include many Hindu elements.[15] Worship is centered on Shiva as the universal god in the iconographic form of Ishtalinga.[16][17][note 4] Lingayats emphasize qualified monism, with philosophical foundations similar to those of the 11th–12th-century South Indian philosopher Ramanuja.[web 1]
Contemporary Lingayats are influential in South India, especially in the state of Karnataka.[17][18] Lingayats celebrate anniversaries (jayanti) of major religious leaders of their sect, as well as Hindu festivals such as Shivaratri and Ganesh Chaturthi.[19][20][21] Lingayats have their own pilgrimage places, temples, shrines and religious poetry based on Shiva.[22] Today, Lingayats, along with Shaiva Siddhanta followers, Naths, Pashupatas, Kapalikas and others constitute the Shaivite population.[web 2][note 5]
- ^ https://www.virashaiva.com/
- ^ a b "CM Devendra Fadnavis to get demand for Lingayat quota examined by state panel". The Times of India. 23 July 2019. Archived from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ "Telangana state has around 15 lakh Lingayat population". 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ a b Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil (), Community Dominance and Political Modernisation: The Lingayats, p.176
- ^ Hastings, James; Selbie, John A. (John Alexander); Gray, Louis H. (Louis Herbert) (1908). Encyclopædia of religion and ethics. Wellcome Library. Edinburgh; New York: T. & T. Clark; C. Scribner's Sons. pp. 68–74.
- ^ a b Dalal 2010, p. 208-209.
- ^ a b Hastings, James; Selbie, John A. (John Alexander); Gray, Louis H. (Louis Herbert) (1908). Encyclopædia of religion and ethics. Wellcome Library. Edinburgh; New York: T. & T. Clark; C. Scribner's Sons. pp. 68–74.
- ^ a b Ramanujan, A. K. (Ed.) (1973). Speaking of Śiva (Vol. 270). Penguin.
- ^ Schouten, J. P. (1995). Revolution of the mystics: On the Social Aspects of Vīraśaivism. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
- ^ Rice, E. P. (1982). A History of Kannada literature. Asian educational services.
- ^ Ishwaran, K. (1981). Bhakti Tradition and Modernization: the case of Lingayatism. In Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements (pp. 72-82). Brill.
- ^ McCormack, William (1963). "Lingayats as a Sect". The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 93 (1): 59–71. doi:10.2307/2844333. ISSN 0307-3114.
- ^ Levinson & Christensen 2002, p. 475.
- ^ डेस्क, डीएनए हिंदी वेब. "Lingayat Samuday: कौन हैं लिंगायत समुदाय के लोग, जानें कैसे हिंदू रीति-रिवाजों से अलग हैं इनकी परंपराएं". DNA Hindi (in Hindi). Retrieved 18 December 2024.
- ^ Ramanujan 1973, p. 175.
- ^ Dalal 2010, p. 208–209.
- ^ a b Fisher, Elaine M. (August 2019). Copp, Paul; Wedemeyer, Christian K. (eds.). "The Tangled Roots of Vīraśaivism: On the Vīramāheśvara Textual Culture of Srisailam". History of Religions. 59 (1). University of Chicago Press for the University of Chicago Divinity School: 1–37. doi:10.1086/703521. ISSN 0018-2710. JSTOR 00182710. LCCN 64001081. OCLC 299661763. S2CID 202376600.
- ^ Gall & Hobby 2009, p. 567–570.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Patil34was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
campbell149was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Srinivas, M.N. (1995). Social Change in Modern India. Orient Blackswan. pp. 157–158. ISBN 978-81-250-0422-6. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
- ^ Wolf, Herbert C. (1978). "The Linga as Center: A Study in Religious Phenomenology". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. XLVI (3). Oxford University Press: 369–388. doi:10.1093/jaarel/xlvi.3.369.
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