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List of Quaternary volcanic eruptions

2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens1912 eruption of NovaruptaYellowstone CalderaAD 79 Eruption of Mount Vesuvius1902 eruption of Santa María1280 eruption of Quilotoa1600 eruption of Huaynaputina2010 eruptions of EyjafjallajökullYellowstone Caldera1783 eruption of Laki1477 eruption of Bárðarbunga1650 eruption of KolumboVolcanic activity at SantoriniToba catastrophe theoryKuril IslandsBaekdu MountainKikai Caldera1991 eruption of Mount PinatuboLong Island (Papua New Guinea)1815 eruption of Mount Tambora1883 eruption of Krakatoa2010 eruptions of Mount MerapiBilly Mitchell (volcano)Taupō VolcanoTaupō VolcanoTaupō VolcanoCrater Lake
Clickable imagemap of notable volcanic eruptions. The apparent volume of each bubble is linearly proportional to the volume of tephra ejected, colour-coded by time of eruption as in the legend. Pink lines denote convergent boundaries, blue lines denote divergent boundaries and yellow spots denote hotspots.

This article is a list of historical volcanic eruptions of approximately magnitude 6 or more on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) or equivalent sulfur dioxide emission during the Holocene, and Pleistocene eruptions of the Decade Volcanoes (Avachinsky–Koryaksky, Kamchatka; Colima, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt; Mount Etna, Sicily; Galeras, Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone; Mauna Loa, Hawaii; Mount Merapi, Central Java; Mount Nyiragongo, East African Rift; Mount Rainier, Washington; Sakurajima, Kagoshima Prefecture; Santamaria/ Santiaguito, Central America Volcanic Arc; Santorini, Cyclades; Taal Volcano, Luzon Volcanic Arc; Teide, Canary Islands; Ulawun, New Britain; Mount Unzen, Nagasaki Prefecture; Mount Vesuvius, Naples); Campania, Italy; South Aegean Volcanic Arc; Laguna de Bay, Luzon Volcanic Arc; Mount Pinatubo, Luzon Volcanic Arc; Toba, Sunda Arc; Mount Meager massif, Garibaldi Volcanic Belt; Yellowstone hotspot, Wyoming; and Taupō Volcanic Zone, greater than VEI 4.

The eruptions in the Holocene on the link: Holocene Volcanoes in Kamchatka were not added yet, but they are listed on the Peter L. Ward's supplemental table.[1] Some of the eruptions are not listed on the Global Volcanism Program timetable as well, at least not as VEI 6. The timetables of Global Volcanism Program;[2] Bristlecone pine tree-rings (Pinus longaeva, Pinus aristata, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus edulis, Pseudotsuga menziesii);[3] the 4 ka Yamal Peninsula Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) chronology;[4] the 7 ka Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chronology from Finnish Lapland;[5][6] GISP2 ice core;[7][8] GRIP ice core;[9] Dye 3 ice core;[9] Bipolar comparison;[10] Antarctic ice core (Bunder and Cole-Dai, 2003);[11] Antarctic ice core (Cole-Dai et al., 1997);[12] Crête ice core, in central Greenland,[13] benthic foraminifera in deep sea sediment cores (Lisiecki, Raymo 2005),[14] do not agree with each other sometimes. The 536–547 AD dust-veil event might be an impact event.[3][15]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference wardtable2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference largeeruptions was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Salzer, Matthew W.; Malcolm K. Hughes (2007). "Bristlecone pine tree rings and volcanic eruptions over the last 5000 yr" (PDF). Quaternary Research. 67 (1): 57–68. Bibcode:2007QuRes..67...57S. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2006.07.004. S2CID 14654597. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  4. ^ Hantemirov, Rashit M.; Shiyatov, Stepan G. (September 2002). "A continuous multimillennial ring-width chronology in Yamal, northwestern Siberia". The Holocene. 12 (6): 717–726. Bibcode:2002Holoc..12..717H. doi:10.1191/0959683602hl585rp. S2CID 129192118.
  5. ^ Eronen, Matti; Zetterberg, Pentti; Briffa, Keith R.; Lindholm, Markus; Meriläinen, Jouko; Timonen, Mauri (September 2002). "The supra-long Scots pine tree-ring record for Finnish Lapland: Part 1, chronology construction and initial inferences". The Holocene. 12 (6): 673–680. Bibcode:2002Holoc..12..673E. doi:10.1191/0959683602hl580rp. S2CID 54806912.
  6. ^ Helama, Samuli; Lindholm, Markus; Timonen, Mauri; Meriläinen, Jouko; Eronen, Matti (September 2002). "The supra-long Scots pine tree-ring record for Finnish Lapland: Part 2, interannual to centennial variability in summer temperatures for 7500 years". The Holocene. 12 (6): 681–687. Bibcode:2002Holoc..12..681H. doi:10.1191/0959683602hl581rp. S2CID 129520871.
  7. ^ Zielinski, G. A.; Mayewski, P. A.; Meeker, L. D.; Whitlow, S.; Twickler, M. S.; Morrison, M.; Meese, D. A.; Gow, A. J.; Alley, R. B. (13 May 1994). "Record of Volcanism Since 7000 B.C. from the GISP2 Greenland Ice Core and Implications for the Volcano-Climate System". Science. 264 (5161): 948–952. Bibcode:1994Sci...264..948Z. doi:10.1126/science.264.5161.948. PMID 17830082. S2CID 21695750.
  8. ^ Zielinski, Gregory A. (1995). "Stratospheric loading and optical depth estimates of explosive volcanism over the last 2100 years derived from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core". Journal of Geophysical Research. 100 (D10): 20937–20955. Bibcode:1995JGR...10020937Z. doi:10.1029/95JD01751.
  9. ^ a b Clausen, Henrik B.; Hammer, Claus U.; Hvidberg, Christine S.; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Steffensen, Jørgen P.; Kipfstuhl, Josef; Legrand, Michel (30 November 1997). "A comparison of the volcanic records over the past 4000 years from the Greenland Ice Core Project and Dye 3 Greenland ice cores". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 102 (C12): 26707–26723. Bibcode:1997JGR...10226707C. doi:10.1029/97JC00587.
  10. ^ Langway, C. C.; Osada, K.; Clausen, H. B.; Hammer, C. U.; Shoji, H. (1995). "A 10-century comparison of prominent bipolar volcanic events in ice cores". Journal of Geophysical Research. 100 (D8): 16241. Bibcode:1995JGR...10016241L. doi:10.1029/95JD01175.
  11. ^ Budner, Drew; Cole-Dai, Jihong (2003). "The number and magnitude of explosive volcanic eruptions between 904 and 1865 A.D.: Quantitative evidence from a new South Pole ice core" (PDF). In Robock, A.; Oppenheimer, C. (eds.). Volcanism and the Earth's Atmosphere. Geophysical Monograph Series. Vol. 139. American Geophysical Union. pp. 165–176. Bibcode:2003GMS...139..165B. doi:10.1029/139GM10. ISBN 978-0-87590-998-1. The number and magnitude of large explosive volcanic eruptions between 904 and 1865 A.D.: Quantitative evidence from a new South Pole ice core
  12. ^ Cole-Dai, Jihong; Mosley-Thompson, Ellen; Thompson, Lonnie G. (27 July 1997). "Annually resolved southern hemisphere volcanic history from two Antarctic ice cores". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 102 (D14): 16761–16771. Bibcode:1997JGR...10216761C. doi:10.1029/97JD01394.
  13. ^ Crowley, Thomas J.; Criste, Tamara A.; Smith, Neil R. (5 February 1993). "Reassessment of Crete (Greenland) ice core acidity/volcanism link to climate change". Geophysical Research Letters. 20 (3): 209–212. Bibcode:1993GeoRL..20..209C. doi:10.1029/93GL00207.
  14. ^ Lisiecki, L. E.; Raymo, M. E. (January 2005). "A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records" (PDF). Paleoceanography. 20 (1): PA1003. Bibcode:2005PalOc..20.1003L. doi:10.1029/2004PA001071. hdl:2027.42/149224. S2CID 12788441.
    Lisiecki, L. E.; Raymo, M. E. (May 2005). "Correction to "A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records"". Paleoceanography. 20 (2): PA2007. Bibcode:2005PalOc..20.2007L. doi:10.1029/2005PA001164. S2CID 128995657.
    data: Lisiecki, Lorraine E; Raymo, Maureen E (2005). "Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of globally distributed benthic stable oxygen isotope records". Pangaea: 3 datasets. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.704257. Supplement to Lisiecki, Lorraine E.; Raymo, Maureen E. (2005). "A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records". Paleoceanography. 20 (1). Bibcode:2005PalOc..20.1003L. doi:10.1029/2004Pa001071. S2CID 12788441.
  15. ^ Baillie, M.G.L. (1994). "Dendrochronology raises questions about the nature of the AD 536 dust-veil event". The Holocene. 4 (2): 212–7. Bibcode:1994Holoc...4..212B. doi:10.1177/095968369400400211. S2CID 140595125.
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