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| Liu Yao 劉曜 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor of Han-Zhao | |||||||||
| Reign | 318–329 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Jin Zhun | ||||||||
| Successor | Liu Xi (not enthroned) | ||||||||
| Born | Unknown | ||||||||
| Died | between February and September 329 | ||||||||
| Spouse |
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| Issue | see #Personal information | ||||||||
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| House | Liu | ||||||||
| Dynasty | Han-Zhao | ||||||||
| Father | Liu Lü | ||||||||
| Mother | Lady Hu | ||||||||
Liu Yao (died 329[1]), courtesy name Yongming, was the final emperor of the Xiongnu-led Han-Zhao dynasty of China. He became emperor in 318 after most other members of the imperial Liu clan were massacred by Jin Zhun in a coup. However, the empire was soon divided in half, as the general Shi Le declared independence and established the Later Zhao dynasty. In a decisive battle in early 329, Shi captured and executed him, and while his sons Liu Xi the Crown Prince and Liu Yin the Prince of Nanyang continued to hold out for nearly a year, the Han-Zhao state fell later that year.
- ^ Emperor Cheng's annals in Book of Jin recorded that Liu Yao was captured by Shi Le on 6 February 329, while Shi Hu wiped out the Liu clan in c.October 329. ([咸和三年]十二月乙未，石勒败刘曜于洛阳，获之。 ....[咸和四年]九月，石勒将石季龙击胤，斩之，进屠上邽，尽灭刘氏，坑其党三千馀人。) Jin Shu, vol.07. Vol.94 of Zizhi Tongjian also dated Liu Yao's capture to the 12th month of the 3rd year of the Xian'he era (17 Jan to 14 Feb 329 in the Julian calendar), while the fall of the Liu clan is also dated the same month as the record found in Jin Shu (9 Oct to 7 Nov 329).