Back Louis Sullivan Afrikaans لويس سوليفان Arabic لويس سوليفان ARZ Louis Sullivan AST Луіс Генры Салівен Byelorussian Луіс Гэнры Саліван BE-X-OLD Луис Хенри Съливан Bulgarian Louis Henri Sullivan Catalan Louis Sullivan Czech Louis Sullivan German
Louis Henry Sullivan | |
|---|---|
 c. 1895 | |
| Born | September 3, 1856 Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | April 14, 1924 (aged 67) Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Occupation | Architect |
Louis Henry Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924)[1] was an American architect, and has been called a "father of skyscrapers"[2] and "father of modernism".[3] He was an influential architect of the Chicago School, a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School. Along with Wright and Henry Hobson Richardson, Sullivan is one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture."[4] The phrase "form follows function" is attributed to him, although the idea was theorised by Viollet le Duc who considered that structure and function in architecture should be the sole determinants of form.[5] In 1944, Sullivan was the second architect to posthumously receive the AIA Gold Medal.[6]
- ^ The spelling of Sullivan's middle name (whether Henry or Henri) has caused confusion. According to Robert Twombly, Louis Sullivan – His Life and Work (Elizabeth Sifton Books, New York City, 1986), his birth certificate read Henry Louis Sullivan, although he was called Louis Henry. Sullivan helped propagate confusion over his middle name as well by announcing, in his book Autobiography of an Idea, which he wrote at the end of his life, at a time when professional failure and alcohol may have clouded his judgment, that he had been named Louis Henri after his grandfather Henri List (see footnote below). The latter spelling was in turn enshrined by the designers of his funerary monument (see picture in text).
- ^ Kaufman, Mervyn D. (1969). Father of Skyscrapers: A Biography of Louis Sullivan. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
- ^ Chambers Biographical Dictionary. London: Chambers Harrap, 2007. s.v. "Sullivan, Louis Henry," http://www.credoreference.com/entry/chambbd/sullivan_louis_henry (subscription required)
- ^ O'Gorman, James F. (1991). Three American Architects: Richardson, Sullivan, and Wright, 1865-1915. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. xv. ISBN 978-0-226-62071-8.
- ^ Dewidar, Khaled (2017). "Violet Le Duc theories of Architecture". ResearchGate. British University in Egypt. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.36647.04006.
- ^ "Gold Medal Award Recipients". The American Institute of Architects. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2016.