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MDMA-assisted psychotherapy (MDMA-AT) is the use of prescribed doses of MDMA as an adjunct to psychotherapy sessions. Research suggests that MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including complex PTSD (C-PTSD), might improve treatment effectiveness.[1][2][3] In 2017, a Phase II clinical trial led to a breakthrough therapy designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for potential use as a treatment for PTSD.[4][5]
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy is currently under investigation as a treatment for various other mental health disorders, including major depressive disorder, social anxiety in people with autism, alcohol use disorder, and mood disturbances in individuals facing life-threatening illnesses.[6][7][8] The research is controversial[9][10] in part because recreational MDMA use has been associated with harmful effects among some users.[11][9][12]
- ^ Bahji A, Forsyth A, Groll D, Hawken ER (January 2020). "Efficacy of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 96: 109735. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109735. PMID 31437480. S2CID 201069918.
- ^ Smith KW, Sicignano DJ, Hernandez AV, White CM (October 2021). "MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis". Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 62 (4): 463–471. doi:10.1002/jcph.1995. PMID 34708874. S2CID 240072663.
- ^ Illingworth BJ, Lewis DJ, Lambarth AT, Stocking K, Duffy JM, Jelen LA, Rucker JJ (May 2021). "A comparison of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy to non-assisted psychotherapy in treatment-resistant PTSD: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 35 (5): 501–511. doi:10.1177/0269881120965915. PMID 33345689. S2CID 229341150.
- ^ Pitts EG, Curry DW, Hampshire KN, Young MB, Howell LL (February 2018). "(±)-MDMA and its enantiomers: potential therapeutic advantages of R(-)-MDMA". Psychopharmacology. 235 (2): 377–392. doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4812-5. PMID 29248945. S2CID 3343930.
- ^ Burns J. "FDA Designates MDMA As 'Breakthrough Therapy' For Post-Traumatic Stress". Forbes. Retrieved 2019-07-19.
- ^ Danforth, Alicia L.; Grob, Charles S.; Struble, Christopher; Feduccia, Allison A.; Walker, Nick; Jerome, Lisa; Yazar-Klosinski, Berra; Emerson, Amy (2018-09-08). "Reduction in social anxiety after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy with autistic adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study". Psychopharmacology. 235 (11): 3137–3148. doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5010-9. ISSN 0033-3158. PMC 6208958. PMID 30196397.
- ^ Sessa, Ben; Higbed, Laurie; O'Brien, Steve; Durant, Claire; Sakal, Chloe; Titheradge, Daniel; Williams, Tim M; Rose-Morris, Anna; Brew-Girard, Elsa; Burrows, Sam; Wiseman, Chantelle; Wilson, Sue; Rickard, James; Nutt, David J (April 2021). "First study of safety and tolerability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 35 (4): 375–383. doi:10.1177/0269881121991792. hdl:1983/c6e45e6e-b556-4a87-827b-6b3f4adfea7c. ISSN 0269-8811. PMID 33601929. S2CID 231963534.
- ^ Wolfson, Philip E.; Andries, Julane; Feduccia, Allison A.; Jerome, Lisa; Wang, Julie B.; Williams, Emily; Carlin, Shannon C.; Sola, Evan; Hamilton, Scott; Yazar-Klosinski, Berra; Emerson, Amy; Mithoefer, Michael C.; Doblin, Rick (2020-11-24). "MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of anxiety and other psychological distress related to life-threatening illnesses: a randomized pilot study". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 20442. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1020442W. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75706-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7686344. PMID 33235285.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
:9was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
:4was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Solon O (2016-09-16). "'My therapist gave me a pill': can MDMA help cure trauma?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
- ^ Karlsen SN, Spigset O, Slørdal L (January 2008). "The dark side of ecstasy: neuropsychiatric symptoms after exposure to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine". Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. 102 (1): 15–24. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00159.x. PMID 18047478.