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The Maafa (Swahili for "Great disaster"), the African Holocaust, the Holocaust of Enslavement, or the Black Holocaust[1][2][3] are political neologisms popularized since 1988[4][5][6][7] to describe the history and ongoing effects of atrocities inflicted upon mostly native Africans worldwide. Of particular focus are those committed by non-Africans (specifically Europeans and Arabs in the context of the Trans-Saharan slave trade, the Indian Ocean slave trade, the Red Sea slave trade, and the Atlantic slave trade), which continue to the present day through imperialism, colonialism and other forms of oppression.[4][6][7][8][9][10]
- ^ William Wright points to the differences between black history, and African history, and argues that the African Holocaust is a major reason why these two histories are not synonymous: William D. Wright, Black History and Black Identity: A Call for a New Historiography, p. 117
- ^ "What Holocaust". Glenn Reitz. Archived from the original on 2007-10-18.
- ^ Ryan Michael Spitzer, "The African Holocaust: Should Europe pay reparations to Africa for Colonialism and Slavery?", Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 35, 2002, p. 1319.
- ^ a b Barndt, Joseph. Understanding and Dismantling Racism: The Twenty-First Century. 2007, page 269.
- ^ The Global African: A Portrait of Ali A. Mazrui. Omari H. Kokole.
- ^ a b "Reparations for the Slave Trade: Rhetoric, Law, History and Political Realities"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
- ^ a b Jones, Lee and West, Cornel. Making It on Broken Promises: Leading African American Male Scholars Confront the Culture of Higher Education. 2002, p. 178.
- ^ Wright, William D. (2001). Black History and Black Identity: A Call for a New Historiography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275974428.
- ^ The Global African: A Portrait of Ali A. Mazrui. Omari H. Kokole.
- ^ Ryan Michael Spitzer, "The African Holocaust: Should Europe pay reparations to Africa for Colonialism and Slavery?", Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 35, 2002, p. 1319.