Malachi

Prophet
Malachi
Prophet Malachi
מַלְאָכִי
	Malachi depicted in the Bartolini Salimbeni Chapel, Florence
Burial place	Tomb of the Prophets Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi, Jerusalem

Malachi or Malachias (/ˈmæləkaɪ/ ^ⓘ; Hebrew: מַלְאָכִי‎, Modern: Malʾaḵī, Tiberian: Malʾāḵī, "my messenger") is the name used by the author of the Book of Malachi, the last book of the Nevi'im (Prophets) section of the Tanakh. It is possible that Malachi is not a proper name, because it means "messenger"; it has been assumed to be a pseudonym. According to Jewish tradition, the real identity of Malachi is Ezra the scribe.

Most scholars regard The Book of Malachi as the result of multiple stages of redaction;^[1] most of its text originated in the Persian period, with the oldest stratum from around 500 BCE and redactions into the Hellenistic period.^[2]

^ Kessler, Rainer. 2011. Maleachi. p. 59-61. Herders theologischer Kommentar zum Alten Testament. Freiburg, Germany: Herder.
^ Schart, Aaron (2021). Julia M. O'Brien (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Minor Prophets. Oxford University Press. p. 540-542. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673208.013.32. ISBN 978-0-19-067320-8. Most commentators consider the book of Malachi to be the product of multiple redactional activities (see O'Brien 1990, 51–57; Kessler 2011, 59–61)…In sum, the oldest stratum of the book is likely to date to around 500. Most of the text originates from the Achaemenid period. In general, the Persians pursued a policy of peaceful and harmonious unification of nations under Persian domination. The writing of Malachi seems to accept the Persian rule. Kessler (2011) dates the final form of the writing of Malachi later, in the fourth century. Reflections of Hellenization in the wake of Alexander the Great are rare, however. Noetzel considers Ptolemaic influence for the idea that the "sun of righteousness" brings healing (2015). The appendix in 4:5–6 [Heb. 3:23–24], which refers to a profound generation conflict, resonates with the tensions between those who opened themselves to Hellenization and those who strictly rejected it. Ecclesiasticus 49:10 mentions the "twelve prophets" around 180 BCE, probably presupposing the Book of the Twelve Prophets as a scroll. At this time, the book of Malachi must have been almost finished.

[1] Kessler, Rainer. 2011. Maleachi. p. 59-61. Herders theologischer Kommentar zum Alten Testament. Freiburg, Germany: Herder.

[2] Schart, Aaron (2021). Julia M. O'Brien (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Minor Prophets. Oxford University Press. p. 540-542. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673208.013.32. ISBN 978-0-19-067320-8. Most commentators consider the book of Malachi to be the product of multiple redactional activities (see O'Brien 1990, 51–57; Kessler 2011, 59–61)…In sum, the oldest stratum of the book is likely to date to around 500. Most of the text originates from the Achaemenid period. In general, the Persians pursued a policy of peaceful and harmonious unification of nations under Persian domination. The writing of Malachi seems to accept the Persian rule. Kessler (2011) dates the final form of the writing of Malachi later, in the fourth century. Reflections of Hellenization in the wake of Alexander the Great are rare, however. Noetzel considers Ptolemaic influence for the idea that the "sun of righteousness" brings healing (2015). The appendix in 4:5–6 [Heb. 3:23–24], which refers to a profound generation conflict, resonates with the tensions between those who opened themselves to Hellenization and those who strictly rejected it. Ecclesiasticus 49:10 mentions the "twelve prophets" around 180 BCE, probably presupposing the Book of the Twelve Prophets as a scroll. At this time, the book of Malachi must have been almost finished.

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Malachi

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