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Manipur

This article is about the modern day state of India. For the eponymous kingdom mentioned in the epic Mahabharata, see Manipura (Mahabharata). For other uses, see Manipur (disambiguation).
"Jewel of India" redirects here. For the highest civilian award of the Republic of India, see Bharat Ratna.

Manipur
State
Clockwise from top: the Sanamahi Kiyong in the Nongmaiching Ching mountain, the Ima Keithel (Ima Market), the dual statues of the Kanglā shā dragons, the Loktak lake, the Temple of Pakhangba inside the Kangla Fort, the Manipuri classical dance, the Marjing Polo Statue
Official emblem of Manipur
Emblem of Manipur
Anthem: Sanā leibāk Manipur
(Meitei for 'Manipur, Land of Gold')[1]
The map of India showing Manipur
Location of Manipur in India
Coordinates: 24°49′N 93°56′E / 24.81°N 93.94°E / 24.81; 93.94
Country India
RegionNortheast India
Before wasManipur State
Admission to union15 October 1949[2]
As union territory1 November 1956
As state21 January 1972
Capital
and largest city		Imphal
Districts16
Government
 • BodyGovernment of Manipur
 • GovernorAjay Kumar Bhalla
 • Chief ministerN. Biren Singh[3] (BJP)
State LegislatureUnicameral
 • AssemblyManipur Legislative Assembly (60 seats)
National ParliamentParliament of India
 • Rajya Sabha1 seat
 • Lok Sabha2 seats
High CourtManipur High Court
Area
 • Total
22,327 km2 (8,621 sq mi)
 • Rank23rd
Population
 (2011)[4][5]
 • Total
2,855,794
 • Rank23rd
 • Density130/km2 (300/sq mi)
 • Urban
30.21%
 • Rural
69.79%
Language
 • OfficialManipuri
 • Official scriptMeitei script
GDP
 • Total (2024–25)₹0.527 lakh crore (US$6.2 billion)
 • Rank28th
 • Per capita₹91,559 (US$1,100) (27th)
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 codeIN-MN
Vehicle registrationMN
HDI (2018)0.696[6] (15th)
Literacy (2011)76.94% (18th)
Sex ratio (2011)985♀/1000 ♂
Websitemanipur.gov.in
Symbols of Manipur
Emblem of Manipur
SongSanā leibāk Manipur
(Meitei for 'Manipur, Land of Gold')[1]
Bird
Nongin
(Meitei for 'Syrmaticus humiae')
Fish
Pengba
(Meitei for 'Osteobrama belangeri')[7]
Flower
Shirui lily (Lilium mackliniae)
Mammal
Sangai
(Meitei for 'Cervus eldi eldi')
Tree
Uningthou
(Meitei for 'Phoebe hainesiana')
List of Indian state symbols
Meetei Mayek
This article contains the Meitei alphabet. Without proper rendering support, you may see errors in display.

Manipur (/ˌmʌnɪˈpʊər/)[8] is a landlocked state in northeast India with Imphal as its capital. It borders Assam to the west, Mizoram to the south, and Nagaland to the north. It shares international borders with Myanmar, specifically the Sagaing Region to the east and Chin State to the southeast. Covering an area of 8,621 square miles (22,330 km²), the state consists mostly of hilly terrain with the 700-square-mile Imphal Valley inhabited by the Meitei (Manipuri) community, historically a kingdom. Surrounding hills are home to Naga and Kuki-Zo communities, who speak Tibeto-Burman languages.[9][10] The official language and lingua franca, Meitei (Manipuri), also belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family.[11]

During the days of the British Raj, Manipur was one of the princely states.[12] Prior to the British departure in 1947, Manipur acceded to the Dominion of India, along with roughly 550 other princely states.[13] In September 1949, the ruler of Manipur signed a merger agreement with India, giving up his kingdom and obtaining a privy purse in return.[14] Many Meitei people feel that their self-determination was violated by the agreement since the legislature elected under the constitution was not consulted.[15] Followed by contestation of the merger by groups in Manipur, resulting in a 50-year insurgency in the state for independence from India.[15] From 2009 through 2018, the conflict was responsible for the violent deaths of over 1000 people.[16]

The Meitei people represent around 53% of the population of Manipur state, followed by various Naga tribes at 20% and Kuki-Zo tribes at 16%.[17] Manipur's ethnic groups practice a variety of religions.[18] According to 2011 census, Hinduism and Christianity are the major religions of the state.[18]

Manipur has primarily an agrarian economy, with significant hydroelectric power generation potential. It is connected to other areas by daily flights through Imphal Airport, the second largest in northeastern India.[19] Manipur is home to many sports and the origin of Manipuri dance,[20] and is credited with introducing polo to Europeans.[21]

  1. ^ "'Sana Leibak Manipur' adopted as State Song by Cabinet". 12 August 2021.
  2. ^ SINHA, L. P. (1987). "The Politics and Government of Manipur". The Indian Journal of Political Science. 48 (4): 487–493. ISSN 0019-5510. JSTOR 41855332.
  3. ^ BJP leader Biren Singh sworn in as Manipur Chief Minister Archived 15 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine, India Today (15 March 2017)
  4. ^ "Primary Census Abstract Data Tables (India & States/UTs - District Level)". Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  5. ^ "Manipur Population Sex Ratio in Manipur Literacy rate data". census2011.co.in. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  6. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab". globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  7. ^ "State Fishes of India" (PDF). National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
  8. ^ "Manipur". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021.
  9. ^ Guha, Ramachandra (2017), India after Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy, Pan Macmillian, p. x, ISBN 9781509883288
  10. ^ Choudhury, Sanghamitra (2016), Women and Conflict in India, Routledge, p. 35, ISBN 978-1-317-55362-5
  11. ^ "Manipuri language". Britannica. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  12. ^ Naorem Sanajaoba (Editor), Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization, Volume 4, Chapter 2: NT Singh, ISBN 978-8170998532
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Furber was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Choudhury, Northeast India: A Political History (2023), pp. 136–137.
  15. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference HRW was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference satp9413 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ "Census of India Website: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India".
  18. ^ a b "Population by religion community - 2011". Census of India, 2011. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015.
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference manipuraai was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ Reginald Massey 2004, pp. 177–184.
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference nam.ac.uk was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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