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Mesrop Mashtots

Mesrop Mashtots
Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց
This 1882 painting by Stepanos Nersissian (now kept at the Pontifical Residence in Etchmiadzin) is a commonly reproduced image of Mashtots.[1]
Bornc. 361
Hatsekats, Taron, Greater Armenia (modern-day Güven, Korkut, Muş Province, Turkey)[2]
DiedFebruary 17, 440
(traditional date)[3][4]
Vagharshapat, Sasanian Armenia
Resting placeSaint Mesrop Mashtots Church, Oshakan, Armenia
NationalityArmenian
Occupation(s)Court secretary, missionary, militaryman, inventor
EraArmenian Golden Age
Known forInventing the Armenian alphabet

Mesrop Mashtots (listenⓘ; Armenian: Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց, Mesrop Maštoc'[a] 362 – February 17, 440 AD) was an Armenian linguist, composer, theologian, statesman, and hymnologist in the Sasanian Empire. He is venerated as a saint in the Armenian Apostolic Church.

He is best known for inventing the Armenian alphabet c. 405 AD, which was a fundamental step in strengthening Armenian national identity.[5] He is also considered to be the creator of the Caucasian Albanian[6] and, possibly, the Georgian script, though it is disputed.[14]

  1. ^ Ghazarian 1962, pp. 65, 71.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Nişanyan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference ChristEnc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference SaintBio was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Hacikyan, Agop Jack; Basmajian, Gabriel; Franchuk, Edward S.; Ouzounian, Nourhan (2000). The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the Oral Tradition to the Golden Age. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 91. ISBN 9780814328156.
  6. ^ Jost, Gippert (2011). "The script of the Caucasian Albanians in the light of the Sinai palimpsests". Die Entstehung der kaukasischen Alphabete als kulturhistorisches Phänomen: Referate des internationalen Symposions (Wien, 1.-4. Dezember 2005) = The creation of the Caucasian alphabets as phenomenon of cultural history. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. pp. 47–48. ISBN 9783700170884. There can be no doubt that the Albanian alphabet as established now depends in its structure on the Armenian alphabet in quite the same way as the latter depends on the Greek... the two alphabets differ considerably from the Old Georgian one as this has preserved the Greek arrangement intact to a much greater an extent...
  7. ^ Thomson, Robert W. (1996). "The Origins of Caucasian Civilization: The Christian Component". In Suny, Ronald Grigor (ed.). Transcaucasia, nationalism and social change: essays in the history of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia (Rev. ed.). Ann Arbor, Mich: Univ. of Michigan Press. pp. 29–33. ISBN 978-0-472-09617-6. The actual invention of the Armenian script by Mashtots took place in North Syria... Although Armenian writers claim that Mashtots invented a script for the Georgians and the Caucasian Albanians as well as for themselves, there is not corroborating evidence.
  8. ^ Braund, David (2003). Georgia in antiquity: a history of Colchis and Transcaucasian Iberia, 550 BC - AD 562 (Reprinted ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 215–264. ISBN 978-0-19-814473-1. Movses Khorenatsi has the Armenian Mesrop give Georgia a script, having created the Armenian script: one suspects his regular attempt to subordinate Georgia to Armenia... An Armenian tradition stresses, as usual, the subordination of Georgia to Armenia... In political terms, the tradition can hardly be taken seriously, for it is typical of an Armenian conception of Colchis and Iberia as subordinate...
  9. ^ Winkler, Gabriele; Koriun (1994). Koriwns Biographie des Mesrop Maštocʿ: Übersetzung und Kommentar. Orientalia christiana analecta. Roma: Pontificio Instituto Orientale. pp. 288–319. ISBN 978-88-7210-298-5. According to Armenian tradition, the Georgian script was developed by Mashtots and his students based on the report of Koriun in The Life of Mashtots and Movses Khorenatsi in History of the Armenians, on which the other Armenian sources depend... It is also possible to think of an early interpolation of Koriun's chapters on the creation of the Georgian alphabet by Mashtots because Koriun's Life is not always entirely trustworthy... It may be that Koriun's reporting here is either biased, or at least inaccurate and has less to do with the events of that time than with the Armenian Church's claim to leadership in church affairs, whereby Koriun implicitly expresses the dependence of the Georgian church leadership on Armenia, the absence of any trace of the people and events in other sources makes things particularly difficult.
  10. ^ Rapp, Stephen H. (2003). Studies in medieval Georgian historiography: early texts and Eurasian contexts. Corpus scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium Subsidia. Lovanii: Peeters. p. 450. ISBN 978-90-429-1318-9. There is also the claim advanced by Koriun in his saintly biography of Mashtots (Mesrop) that the Georgian script had been invented at the direction of Mashtots. Yet it is within the realm of possibility that this tradition, repeated by many later Armenian historians, may not have been part of the original fifth-century text at all but added after 607. Significantly, all of the extant manuscripts containing The Life of Mashtots were copied centuries after the split. Consequently, scribal manipulation reflecting post-schism (especially anti-Georgian) attitudes potentially contaminates all manuscripts copied after that time. It is therefore conceivable, though not yet proven, that valuable information about Georgia transmitted by pre-schism Armenian texts was excised by later, post-schism individuals.
  11. ^ Seibt, Werner; Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes, eds. (2011). Die Entstehung der kaukasischen Alphabete als kulturhistorisches Phänomen: Referate des Internationalen Symposions (Wien, 1. - 4. Dezember 2005) = The creation of the Caucasian alphabets as phenomenon of cultural history. Veröffentlichungen zur Byzanzforschung. Wien: Verl. der Österr. Akad. der Wiss. pp. 7–8. ISBN 978-3-7001-7088-4. There is not even a hint of direct involvement of the Mashtots or other Armenians in the creation of the Georgian alphabet...
  12. ^ Rayfield, Donald (2013). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. London: Reaktion Books. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-78023-070-2. The earliest inscription in Georgian is dated 430 and the alphabet was devised perhaps decades before. Georgia not only received Christianity, it also disseminated it: ecclesiastical language of Caucasian Albania (Old Udi) borrowed Old Georgian vocabulary - Easter, grace, image, throne. Greek terms also entered Old Udi via Georgian.
  13. ^ Codoñer, Juan Signes (2014). "New Alphabets for the Christian Nations: Frontier Strategies in the Byzantine Commonwealth between the 4th and 10th Centuries.". In Hernández de la Fuente, David A.; Torres Prieto, Susana; Francisco Heredero, Ana de (eds.). New perspectives on late antiquity in the Eastern Roman Empire. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 136–138. ISBN 978-1-4438-6947-8.
  14. ^ [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]


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