Back الميتاجينومية Arabic Metagenomika BS Metagenòmica Catalan Metagenomika Czech Metagenomik German Metagenómica Spanish متاژنومیک Persian Métagénomique French Metaxenómica Galician מטא-גנומיקה HE

Metagenomics

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In metagenomics, the genetic materials (DNA, C) are extracted directly from samples taken from the environment (e.g. soil, sea water, human gut, A) after filtering (B), and are sequenced (E) after multiplication by cloning (D) in an approach called shotgun sequencing. These short sequences can then be put together again using assembly methods (F) to deduce the individual genomes or parts of genomes that constitute the original environmental sample. This information can then be used to study the species diversity and functional potential of the microbial community of the environment.[1]

Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental or clinical samples, eliminating the need to isolate and culture individual species before sequencing them. This approach enables the analysis of entire microbial communities, providing insights into their composition, diversity, and functional potential.

Metagenomic studies typically employ either shotgun sequencing or PCR-based sequencing to obtain largely unbiased samples of genes from all organisms present in a given environment.[2] The field is also referred to as environmental genomics, ecogenomics, community genomics, or microbiomics and has significantly expanded the understanding of microbial life beyond what traditional cultivation-based methods can reveal.

Early environmental gene sequencing focused on cloning specific marker genes, such as the 16S rRNA gene, to profile microbial diversity. These studies demonstrated that the vast majority of microbial biodiversity had been missed by cultivation-based methods.[3]

Metagenomics has transformed microbial ecology and evolutionary biology by uncovering previously hidden biodiversity and metabolic capabilities. As the cost of DNA sequencing continues to decline, metagenomic approaches are being applied at unprecedented scales, enabling a more comprehensive exploration of the microbial world and its role in global ecosystems.[4]

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