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Moral exclusion is a psychological process where members of a group view their own group and its norms as superior to others, belittling, marginalizing, excluding, even dehumanizing targeted groups. A distinction should be drawn between active exclusion and omission. The former requires intent and is a form of injustice, known as moral exclusion; while the latter is thoughtlessness.[1][2] The targeted group is viewed as undeserving of morally mandated rights and protections.[2] When conflict between groups escalates, the in-group/out-group bias between the groups heightens. Severe violence between groups can be either the antecedent or the outcome of moral exclusion. At its extreme it is a bidirectional phenomenon that defies precise origin.
- ^ Leets, Laura (2001). "Interrupting the Cycle of Moral Exclusion: A Communication Contribution to Social Justice Research1". Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 31 (9). Wiley: 1859–1883. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb00208.x. ISSN 0021-9029.
- ^ a b Forsyth, D. R. (2010). Group Dynamics. Wadsworth: Cengage Learning.