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Mueang Chaliang

"Si Satchanalai" redirects here. For other uses, see Si Satchanalai (disambiguation).
Chaliang Kingdom
แคว้นเชลียง (Thai)
Kwaen Chaliang
620s –1474
Political entities in mainland Southeast Asia in 1180 CE
Political entities in mainland Southeast Asia in 1180 CE
Capital
Monarch 
• 620s
Satchanalai (first)
• 1157–1182
Srinaonamthum [th]
Historical eraPost-classical era
• Early chiefdoms
Before 620s
• Tambralinga annexed Lavo
927/928
• Established relationship with Tai's Chiang Saen
Late 900s
• First mentioned in Chinese source
1001
• Formation of Sukhothai
1238
• Vassal of Ayutthaya
1378–1462
• Vassal of Lan Na
1462–1474
• Incorporated to Lan Na
1474
• Burmese rule over Lan Na
1558–1775
• Under Siam control
since 1776
• Demoted to the city under Phitsanulok [th]
1894
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Lavo
Dvaravati
Lan Na Kingdom
Today part ofThailand
Map of Si Satchanalai Historical Park depicts the sites of "Chaliang" (former capital) located on the bend of the Yom River (number 1) and the moated Si Satchanalai to the left.

Chaliang (Thai: เชลียง, Chinese: 程良) or Sawankhalok, later known as Si Satchanalai, was a political entity in the upper Chao Phraya Valley in central Thailand.[1] It was founded in the early 600s by uniting four regional chiefdoms,[2]: 7  with Haritvanlee or Chaliang (นครหริตวัลลีย์) as the center,[3] and became part of the Dvaravati's Lavo.[1]: 32–33  In 1001, Chaliang was referred to as an independent kingdom Chéng Liáng in the Chinese text Song Shi.[4][1]: 28 [5] The term San-lo (三濼) mentioned in Lingwai Daida in 1178[6]: 288, 290  was plausibly referred to Chaliang's new center, Sawankhalok.[1]: 8 

After Haripuñjaya and Suphannabhum reclaimed Lavo from Angkor in 1052,[7]: 532 [8] Lavo's king, Phra Narai, moved the capital to Ayodhya in the 1080s and left the throne at Lavapura. The Mon-Tai dynasty of Chaliang took over and moved the seat southward to Lavo's former capital Lavapura; Chaliang then became the Lavapura's northern fortress.[2]: 21  However, this dynasty later lost Lavapura to Angkor following the Angkorian influence-expanding campaign to the Menam Valley in 1181.[9] During this era, this Mon-Tai dynasty also established royal intermarriages with the Siamese (Xiān) at Ayodhya.[10] Their descendants, later known as the Uthong (Lavo) dynasty, continued to rule Ayodhya until the Ayutthaya Kingdom formation in 1351.[11]

In 1157/58, Chaliang was occupied by another Tai monarch from Chawa (ชวา, Muang Sua) or Nam Ou basin.[12] This monarch led by Srinaonamthum [th][12] expanded political influence to Sukhothai of Lavo[1]: 4  in 1175.[12] However, nobles of the Lavo faction revolted and recaptured Sukhothai in 1181,[4] which caused Tai kings from Mueang Rad and Mueang Bang Yang to join forces and retake Sukhothai in 1238. This marked the formation of the Sukhothai Kingdom.[1]: 4 

During the Sukhothai era, Chaliang was comparable and equal to Sukhothai, in which both cities were the capitals.[1]: 25–26  However, after the Sukhothai Kingdom became the vassal of Ayutthaya, Chaliang lost its political influence[1]: 9–12  and was later demoted to the frontier city after Ayutthaya lost it to Lan Na in the 15th century.[13]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Cite error: The named reference chusak was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference rp60 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference rue was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference fine was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference song was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference briggs was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference yonok was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Thepthani 1953, p. 42.
  9. ^ ศานติ ภักดีคำ. "จาก 'ลวะปุระ' สู่ 'เมืองละโว้' ลูกหลวงแห่งเมืองพระนคร" [From 'Lavapura' to 'Lavo City', the frontier city of the capital of Phra Nakhon] (in Thai). Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference sum was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Pramint Kreuathong (1 August 2021). "กรุงศรีปฏิวัติ : ศึกเจ้าพี่น้อง 2 ราชวงศ์ วงศ์พระรามรบวงศ์พระอินทร์ ใครได้ราชบัลลังก์" [Krung Sri Revolution: The Battle of the Two Royal Brothers, Phra Ram Dynasty vs Phra In Dynasty, Who will win the throne?]. www.silpa-mag.com (in Thai). Archived from the original on 2024-11-10. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  12. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference boran was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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