Back 무쉬카 왕조 Korean മൂഷിക രാജവംശം Malayalam Mushika NB புலி நாடு Tamil

Mushika dynasty

This article is about early historic/early medieval (till 12th century AD) Mushika dynasty. For post-12th century state, see Kolathunad.

Mushika
Ezhimala (early historic)
Mushika/Kolladesham (medieval)
Mushika dynasty is located in Kerala
MUSHIKAS
Capital
  • Ezhimala (early historic)
  • Kollam/Kolam (early medieval)
  • Karippattu, Taliparamba (c. 12th century)
Common languages
Religion
Hinduism
GovernmentMonarchy
Today part ofIndia

Mushika dynasty, also spelled Mushaka, also Eli or Ezhi[1], was a minor dynastic power that held sway over the region in and around Mount Ezhi (Ezhimala) in present-day northern Kerala, south India.[1][2]

The country of the Ezhimala, ruled by an ancient chiefly lineage ("the Muvan"), appears in early historic (pre-Pallava) south India.[3][4] Early Tamil poems contain several references to the exploits of Nannan, the ruler of Ezhimala (fl. c. 180 AD[5]) who famously defeated the Tagadur Satiyaputra ruler.[6][7] Nannan was known as a great enemy of the early Chera rulers.[6] The famous Kottayam Coin Hoard, a massive cache of mostly Julio-Claudian (Roman) coins, was also discovered from the Ezhimala country.[8]

The Ezhimala polity gradually developed into a monarchical state (known as the "Kolladesham") in the early medieval period[6][9] and came under the influence of the medieval Chera kingdom.[10][11] The hereditary title of the Mushika kings in the medieval period was "Ramaghata Mushaka" (Malayalam: "Iramakuta Muvar").[12][13] Mushika royals seem to have assisted the Chera kings in their struggle against the Chola Empire.[14][15] Two subsequent Chola inscriptions (c. 1005 AD, Rajaraja I and c. 1018–19, Rajadhiraja) mention "the defeat of the Kolladesham" and "the fall of the Iramakuta Muvar".[9][15][13] The presence of the Chola soldiery in north Kerala (1020 AD) is confirmed by the Eramam inscription.[13] The kingdom survived the Chera state, and came to be known as "Kolathunad" (Kannur-Kasaragod area) in the post-Chera period.[6]

The Mushaka Vamsa Kavya, a dynastic chronicle composed in the 11th century by poet Athula, describes the history of the Mushika lineage.[16][14] The medieval Mushikas were considered as Kshatriyas of Soma Vamsa.[15] The dynasty also claimed descent from the legendary Heheya Kshatriyas.[17] The economies of the early historic Ezhimala polity and the medieval Mushika state were heavily dependent on the Indian Ocean spice trade, particularly in pepper, cardamom, and other spices from the interior hills (rather than on wet rice cultivation or agriculture).[11]

  1. ^ a b Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 178.
  2. ^ Menon, A. Sreedhara (2011) [1987]. Kerala History and its Makers. DC Books. p. 29-32. ISBN 9788126437825.
  3. ^ Gurukkal, Rajan. “DID STATE EXIST IN THE PRE-PALLAVAN TAMIL REGION.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 63, 2002, pp. 138–150.
  4. ^ Ganesh, K.N. (1 August 2009). "Lived Spaces in History: A Study in Human Geography in the Context of Sangam Texts". Studies in History. 25 (2): 151–195. doi:10.1177/025764301002500201. ISSN 0257-6430. PMID 20662174. S2CID 20543161.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference :202 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c d Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 195.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference :10 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Turner, Paula J. (2016) [2009]. Roman Coins from India. University College London Institute of Archaeology Publications. pp. 8–9, 62-63 and 100 and 112.
  9. ^ a b Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 118-119 and 137-138.
  10. ^ Ganesh, K.N. (June 2009). "Historical Geography of Natu in South India with Special Reference to Kerala". Indian Historical Review. 36 (1): 3–21. doi:10.1177/037698360903600102. ISSN 0376-9836. S2CID 145359607.
  11. ^ a b Veluthat, Kesavan (2009). The Early Medieval in South India. Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 40, 160 and 261.
  12. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 140-141.
  13. ^ a b c Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 122-123 and 141.
  14. ^ a b Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 178-179.
  15. ^ a b c Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 180-182.
  16. ^ Thapar, Romila, The Penguin History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300. Penguin Books, 2002. 394-95.
  17. ^ Vielle, Christophe (2014). "How did Paraśurāma come to raise Kerala". Irreverent History: Essays for M. G. S. Narayanan: 18–19.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · View on Wikipedia

Developed by Nelliwinne