Back حمض الميكوفينوليك Arabic Mycophenolsäure German Ácido micofenólico Spanish مایکوفنولیک اسید Persian Acide mycophénolique French Mikofenolát-mofetil Hungarian Acido micofenolico Italian ミコフェノール酸 Japanese Микофенолна киселина Macedonian Mycofenolzuur Dutch

Mycophenolic acid

Mycophenolic acid
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ˌmaɪkoʊfɪˈnɒlɪk/
Trade namesCellcept, Myfortic, Myhibbin, others
Other namesMPA, Mycophenolate sodium, Mycophenolate mofetil (AAN AU), Mycophenolate mofetil (USAN US)
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601081
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth, intravenous[2]
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability72% (sodium),
94% (mofetil)[12]
Protein binding82–97%[12]
MetabolismLiver[12]
Elimination half-life17.9±6.5 hours[12]
ExcretionUrine (93%),
faeces (6%)[12]
Identifiers
  • (4E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.041.912 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC17H20O6
Molar mass320.341 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C1OCc2c1c(O)c(c(OC)c2C)C\C=C(/C)CCC(=O)O
  • InChI=1S/C17H20O6/c1-9(5-7-13(18)19)4-6-11-15(20)14-12(8-23-17(14)21)10(2)16(11)22-3/h4,20H,5-8H2,1-3H3,(H,18,19)/b9-4+ checkY
  • Key:HPNSFSBZBAHARI-RUDMXATFSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Mycophenolic acid is an immunosuppressant medication used to prevent rejection following organ transplantation and to treat autoimmune conditions such as Crohn's disease and lupus.[13][14] Specifically it is used following kidney, heart, and liver transplantation.[14] It can be given by mouth or by injection into a vein.[14] It comes as mycophenolate sodium and mycophenolate mofetil.[14]

Common side effects include nausea, infections, and diarrhea.[14] Other serious side effects include an increased risk of cancer, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, anemia, and gastrointestinal bleeding.[14] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby.[14] It works by blocking inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), which is needed by lymphocytes to make guanosine.[14]

Mycophenolic acid was initially discovered by Italian Bartolomeo Gosio in 1893.[15][16] It was rediscovered in 1945 and 1968.[16] It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1995 following the discovery of its immunosuppressive properties in the 1990s.[14][15] It is available as a generic medication.[17] In 2022, it was the 227th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.[18][19]

  1. ^ "Mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 24 January 2020. Archived from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Austria-Codex was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ "Cellcept (mycophenolate mofetil)". Australian Product Information. 30 November 2021. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  4. ^ "Pharmacor mycophenolate, mycocell, alcept (Pharmacor Pty Ltd)". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 11 November 2022. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  5. ^ "Myfortic Product information". Health Canada. 11 February 2005. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
  6. ^ "Cellcept 1g/5ml powder for oral suspension - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 27 February 2020. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
  7. ^ "Cellcept 250mg Capsules - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 17 June 2020. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
  8. ^ "Cellcept 500mg Film-Coated Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
  9. ^ "Cellcept- mycophenolate mofetil tablet, film coated Cellcept- mycophenolate mofetil capsule Cellcept- mycophenolate mofetil hydrochloride injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Cellcept- mycophenolate mofetil powder, for suspension". DailyMed. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  10. ^ "Myhibbin- mycophenolate mofetil suspension". DailyMed. 7 May 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference CellCept EPAR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ a b c d e "Cellcept" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. Roche Products Pty Limited. 13 December 2012. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference DCruz was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Mycophenolate Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  15. ^ a b Schiff ER, Maddrey WC, Sorrell MF (2011). Schiff's Diseases of the Liver. John Wiley & Sons. p. PT3219. ISBN 978-1-119-95048-6. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  16. ^ a b Laskin AI, Bennett JW, Gadd GM (2001). Advances in Applied Microbiology. Gulf Professional Publishing. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-12-002648-7. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  17. ^ British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 826–827. ISBN 978-0-85711-338-2.
  18. ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  19. ^ "Mycophenolate Mofetil Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
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