Back الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية (سوريا) Arabic Национален прогресивен фронт (Сирия) Bulgarian Front Nacional Progressista Catalan Nationale Progressive Front German Εθνικό Προοδευτικό Μέτωπο (Συρία) Greek Frente Nacional Progresista Spanish جبهه ملی پیشرو (سوریه) Persian Front national progressiste French החזית הפרוגרסיבית הלאומית HE Fronte Nazionale Progressista Italian
National Progressive Front الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية | |
|---|---|
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| President | Bashar al-Assad |
| Vice-President | Mohammad al-Shaar[1] |
| Founder | Hafez al-Assad |
| Founded | 1972 |
| Dissolved | 11 December 2024 |
| Headquarters | Damascus |
| Ideology | Neo-Ba'athism Arab nationalism Arab socialism Pan-Arabism Secularism Anti-Zionism |
| Political position | Big tent Factions: Centre-left to far-left |
| Party flag | |
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| Website | |
| pnf | |
The National Progressive Front (Arabic: الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية, al-Jabha al-Waṭaniyyah al-Taqaddumiyyah, NPF) was a state organised coalition of left-wing parties that supported the Arab nationalist and Arab socialist orientation of the now defunct Syrian Arab Republic and accepted the "leading role" of the ruling Syrian Ba'ath party. The coalition was modelled after the popular front system used in the Socialist Bloc, through which Syrian Ba'ath party governed the country while permitting nominal participation of smaller, satellite parties. The NPF was part of Ba'ath party's efforts to expand its support base and neutralize prospects for any sustainable liberal or left-wing opposition, by instigating splits within independent leftist parties or repressing them.[2][3][4][5][6]
The NPF model was created by the Ba'athist system to enforce a highly centralized presidential system.[7] The satellite parties within the NPF had smaller political power and largely functioned as networks for mobilizing loyalty to the government. Student activism and political activities in armed forces were strictly prohibited for non-Ba'athist parties in the NPF, amongst other restrictions.[8][9]
- ^ "الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية". pnf.org.sy. Mohannad Orfali-. Archived from the original on 2021-07-12. Retrieved 2019-08-23.
- ^ "Is Syria socialist? 2022 Guide". Young Pioneer Tours. 2022. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.
- ^ Al Hajj-Saleh, Yassîn (1 October 2018). "L'opposition syrienne". Confluences Méditerranée: 71–81. doi:10.3917/come.044.0071. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023.
- ^ Seale, Patrick (1989). "19: The Enemy Within". Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. Los Angeles, USA: University of California Press. pp. 175–176. ISBN 0-520-06667-7.
- ^ Taha, Zakaria (2012). The Kurdish opposition and the Baath regime in Syria: between identity dynamics and cooptation strategies. HAL SHS. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023.
- ^ Batatu, Hanna (1999). Syria's Peasantry, the Descendants of Its Lesser Rural Notables, and Their Politics. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Princeton University Press. pp. 121, 274, 275. ISBN 0-691-00254-1.
- ^ Leverett, Flynt (2005). "Chapter Two: Hafiz's Legacy, Bashar's Inheritance". Inheriting Syria: Bashar's Trial by Fire. 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036: Brookings Institution Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-8157-5204-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Batatu, Hanna (1999). "13: The Post-1970 Asad-molded, Career-oriented Ba'ath". Syria's Peasantry, the Descendants of Its Lesser Rural Notables, and Their Politics. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Princeton University Press. p. 187. ISBN 0-691-00254-1.
- ^ Seale, Patrick (1989). Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. Los Angeles, USA: University of California Press. p. 176. ISBN 0-520-06667-7.