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| Nicaraguan Spanish | |
|---|---|
| Español nicaragüense | |
| Pronunciation | [espaˈɲol nikaɾaˈɣwense] |
| Native to | Nicaragua |
| Region | Central American Spanish |
Native speakers | 5.3 million (2014)[1] 577,000 in Nicaragua (2014) |
Early forms | |
| Latin (Spanish alphabet) | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Nicaragua |
| Regulated by | Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | es |
| ISO 639-2 | spa[2] |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
| IETF | es-NI |
Nicaraguan Spanish (Spanish: Español nicaragüense) is geographically defined as the form of Spanish spoken in Nicaragua. Affectionately, Nicaraguan Spanish is often called Nicañol.[3]
The Spanish dialect in Nicaragua is heavily influenced by Nahuatl and Nawat in its vocabulary and substrate.[4][5] The Nawat language was spoken by the Nicarao people who inhabit the western half of the country. Despite its extinction in Nicaragua, words of Nahuatl and Nawat origin can be seen and heard in daily Nicaraguan speech and literature.[6][7]
Nicaragua has the highest frequency, among Central American countries, of the use of voseo—use of the pronoun vos and its verb forms for the familiar second-person singular ("you"), in place of the tú of Standard Spanish. In this regard it is similar to the usage of Argentina and Uruguay in the Río de la Plata region of South America. Vos is used frequently in colloquial and familiar settings, but Nicaraguans also understand tuteo. The use of "vos" can be heard in television programs and can be seen in written form in publications.[8]
In the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region and the South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, language and pronunciation is strongly influenced by Indigenous and creole languages such as Miskito, Rama, Sumo, Miskito Coastal Creole, Jamaican Patois, Garifuna and Rama Cay Creole but Spanish has become the main language spoken.
- ^ Spanish → Nicaragua at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ "ISO 639-2 Language Code search". Library of Congress. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
- ^ Nicaragua: Culture
- ^ Zamora Úbeda, Zobeyda Catalina (2020). "Situación actual del sustrato náhuatl en el español de Nicaragua" [Current situation of the Nahuatl substrate in Nicaraguan Spanish] (PDF). Revista Lengua y Literatura. 6 (1): 43–51. doi:10.5377/rll.v6i1.10123.
- ^ Zamora Úbeda, Zobeyda C. (July–December 2022). "El sustrato náhuatl en el español de Nicaragua según el Diccionario de la lengua española". Lengua y Sociedad. 21 (2): 13–26. doi:10.15381/lengsoc.v21i2.22516.
- ^ "Pipil Words Identified in Nicaraguan Speech" (PDF).
- ^ Elliott, A. M. (1884). "The Nahuatl-Spanish Dialect of Nicaragua". The American Journal of Philology. 5 (1): 54–67. doi:10.2307/287421. JSTOR 287421.
- ^ "Diccionario panhispánico de dudas". buscon.rae.es.