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The current state of quantum computing[1] is referred to as the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era,[2][3] characterized by quantum processors containing up to 1,000 qubits which are not advanced enough yet for fault-tolerance or large enough to achieve quantum advantage.[4][5] These processors, which are sensitive to their environment (noisy) and prone to quantum decoherence, are not yet capable of continuous quantum error correction. This intermediate-scale is defined by the quantum volume, which is based on the moderate number of qubits and gate fidelity. The term NISQ was coined by John Preskill in 2018.[6][2]
According to Microsoft Azure Quantum's scheme, NISQ computation is considered level 1, the lowest of the quantum computing implementation levels.[7][8]
In October 2023, the 1,000 qubit mark was passed for the first time by Atom Computing's 1,180 qubit quantum processor.[9] However, as of 2024, only two quantum processors have over 1,000 qubits, with sub-1,000 quantum processors still remaining the norm.[10]
- ^ "Quantum Computing Scientists: Give Them Lemons, They'll Make Lemonade". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
- ^ a b Brooks, Michael (2019-10-03). "Beyond quantum supremacy: the hunt for useful quantum computers". Nature. 574 (7776): 19–21. Bibcode:2019Natur.574...19B. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02936-3. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 31578489.
- ^ "Quantum computers in 2023: how they work, what they do, and where they're heading". The Conversation. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
- ^ "Engineers demonstrate a quantum advantage". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
- ^ "What is Quantum Computing?". TechSpot. 28 June 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
- ^ Preskill, John (2018-08-06). "Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond". Quantum. 2: 79. arXiv:1801.00862. Bibcode:2018Quant...2...79P. doi:10.22331/q-2018-08-06-79. S2CID 44098998.
- ^ Matt Swayne. "Microsoft Quantum's Krysta Svore Offers Glimpse Into The Quantum Future". The Quantum Insider. Retrieved 2024-07-01.
- ^ "Azure Quantum | Quantum Computing Implementation Levels". quantum.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ Alex Wilkins. "Record-breaking quantum computer has more than 1000 qubits". New Scientist. Retrieved 2024-04-18.
- ^ Karmela Padavic-Callaghan. "IBM's 'Condor' quantum computer has more than 1000 qubits". New Scientist. Retrieved 2024-04-18.