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The one-state solution is a proposed approach to the Israeli–Palestinian peace process. It stipulates the establishment of a single state within the boundaries of what was Mandatory Palestine between 1920 and 1948, today consisting of the combined territory of Israel (excluding the annexed Golan Heights) and the State of Palestine (the West Bank and the Gaza Strip).[1][2] The term one-state reality describes the belief that the current situation of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict on the ground is that of one de facto country.[3] The one-state solution is sometimes referred to as the bi-national state, owing to the hope that it would successfully deliver self-determination to Israelis and Palestinians in one country, thus granting both peoples independence as well as absolute access to all of the land.
Various models have been proposed for implementing the one-state solution.[4]
- One such model is the unitary state, which would comprise a single government with citizenship and equal rights for every ethnic and religious group in the land,[4] similar to the legal arrangement of the British Mandate for Palestine. Some Israelis advocate a version of this model in which Israel annexes the West Bank (but not the Gaza Strip) and grants Israeli citizenship to all of the Palestinians living there, thereby integrating the region and gaining a larger Arab minority, but remaining a Jewish and democratic state.[5]
- A second model calls for Israel to annex the West Bank and integrate it as a Palestinian autonomous region.[4]
- A third model involves creating a federal state with a central government and federative districts, some of which would be Israeli and others Palestinian.[5][6]
- A fourth model, described by the Israeli–Palestinian peace movement A Land for All, involves the establishment of a confederation in which independent Israeli and Palestinian states share powers in some areas, and giving Israelis and Palestinians residency rights in each other's states.[7][8]
Though increasingly debated in academic circles, the one-state solution has remained outside the range of official diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict, as it has historically been eclipsed by the two-state solution. According to the most recent joint survey of the Palestinian–Israeli Pulse in 2023, support for a democratic one-state solution stands at 23% among Palestinians and 20% among Israeli Jews. A non-equal non-democratic one-state solution remains more popular among both populations, supported by 30% of Palestinians and 37% of Israeli Jews.[9] A Palestinian poll in September 2024 revealed that only 10% of respondents supported a single state that would provide equal rights for both Israelis and Palestinians.[10]
- ^ Qadaffi, Muammar (21 January 2009). "The One-State Solution". The New York Times. p. A33. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2009.
- ^ Friedson, Felice (21 July 2010). "One-state or two-state solution". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
- ^ Remnick, David (10 November 2014). "The One-State Reality". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
- ^ a b c Sharvit Baruch, Pnina (2021). "Resolving the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict: The Viability of One-State Models". www.inss.org.il (Memorandum No. 217 ed.). INSS. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
- ^ a b Al Shawaf, Rayyan (3 April 2014). "Caroline Glick's one-state solution for Israel-Palestine asks all the wrong questions". The National.
- ^ "The Federation Plan: The Founding Document". www.federation.org.il. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
- ^ "A Land For All". 19 April 2019.
- ^ Scheindlin, Dahlia (29 June 2018). "An Israeli–Palestinian Confederation Can Work". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
- ^ "The Palestine/Israel Pulse, a Joint Poll, 2022". Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research. 24 January 2023. Archived from the original on 9 November 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Has the war in Gaza radicalised young Palestinians?". The Economist. 3 October 2024. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 7 November 2024. Retrieved 5 October 2024.