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Papias (lexicographer)

Papias (fl. 1040s–1060s) was a Latin lexicographer from Italy. Although he is often referred to as Papias the Lombard, little is known of his life, including whether he actually came from Lombardy. The Oxford History of English Lexicography considers him the first modern lexicographer[1] for his monolingual dictionary (Latin-Latin), Elementarium Doctrinae Rudimentum,[2] written over a period of ten years in the 1040s. The Elementarium has been called "the first fully recognizable dictionary"[3] and is a landmark in the development of dictionaries as distinct from mere collections of glosses. Papias arranges entries alphabetically based on the first three letters of the word, and is the first lexicographer to name the authors or texts he uses as sources.[4] Although most entries are not etymological, Papias laid the groundwork for derivational lexicography, which became firmly established only a century later.[5]

Papias seems to have been a cleric with theological interests, possibly living in Pavia.[6] The name "Papias" means "the guide", and may be a pseudonym or pen name.[7] Bruno of Würzburg saw an early draft of the Elementarium before he died in 1045, but an unambiguous reference in the chronicle of Albericus Trium Fontium establishes that it was published by 1053.[8]

  1. ^ Hans Sauer, "Glosses, Glossaries, and Dictionaries in the Medieval Era," in The Oxford History of English Lexicography (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2009 ), Vol. 1, p. 30 online. Others have called Nathaniel Bailey or Samuel Johnson the first modern lexicographer.
  2. ^ The title is less commonly given as Elementarium Doctrinae erudimentum.
  3. ^ Richard Sharpe, "Vocabulary, Word Formation, and Lexicography," in Medieval Latin: An Introduction and Bibliographical Guide (Catholic University of America Press, 1996), p. 96 online.
  4. ^ Sharpe, "Vocabulary, Word Formation, and Lexicography," p. 96.
  5. ^ Tony Hunt, Teaching and Learning Latin in Thirteenth-Century England (Boydell & Brewer, 1991), pp. 371–372; Jane Chance, Medieval Mythography: From Roman North Africa to the School of Chartres, A.D. 433–1177 (University of Florida Press, 1994), p. 61 online.
  6. ^ Hunt, Teaching and Learning, p. 371.
  7. ^ Henry Ansgar Kelly, Ideas and Forms of Tragedy from Aristotle to the Middle Ages (Cambridge University Press, 1993), p. 64.
  8. ^ Hunt, Teaching and Learning, pp. 371–372, citing Albericus Trium Fontium, Chronica (ca. 1235).
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