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| Pneumodesmus Temporal range:
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| Reconstruction of P. newmani | |
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| Photomicrograph of the type specimen | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Myriapoda |
| Class: | Diplopoda |
| Order: | †incertae sedis |
| Family: | †incertae sedis |
| Genus: | †Pneumodesmus |
| Species: | †P. newmani
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| Binomial name | |
| †Pneumodesmus newmani Wilson & Anderson, 2004 [1]
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Pneumodesmus newmani is a species of myriapod. It is originally considered that it lived during the late Wenlock epoch of the Silurian period around 428 million years ago.[1][2][3] However, a 2017 study dates its occurrence based on zircon data analysis as the Early Devonian (Lochkovian).[4] Although the 2023 study confirmed the age identification of the 2004 study through palynological, palaeobotanical and zircon analyses incorporating newly discovered additional data,[3] this is based on adjacent structurally separated block with different stratigraphy and sedimentology to the block with fossil site it was discovered, and it is confirmed as unsustainable.[5] It is one of the first myriapods, and among the oldest creatures to have lived on land.[6] It was discovered in 2004, and is known from a single specimen from Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.[2]
- ^ a b Heather M. Wilson & Lyall I. Anderson (2004). "Morphology and taxonomy of Paleozoic millipedes (Diplopoda: Chilognatha: Archipolypoda) from Scotland". Journal of Paleontology. 78 (1): 169–184. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0169:MATOPM>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ a b "Fossil find 'oldest land animal'". BBC News. 25 January 2004. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023.
- ^ a b Wellman, C.H.; Lopes, G.; McKellar, Z.; Hartley, A. (2023). "Age of the basal 'Lower Old Red Sandstone' Stonehaven Group of Scotland: The oldest reported air-breathing land animal is Silurian (late Wenlock) in age". Journal of the Geological Society. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/jgs2023-138. hdl:2164/22754. ISSN 0016-7649.
- ^ Stephanie E. Suarez; Michael E. Brookfield; Elizabeth J. Catlos; Daniel F. Stöckli (2017). "A U-Pb zircon age constraint on the oldest-recorded air-breathing land animal". PLOS ONE. 12 (6): e0179262. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1279262S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179262. PMC 5489152. PMID 28658320.
- ^ Brookfield, M. E.; Catlos, E. J.; Garza, H. (7 July 2024). "The oldest 'millipede'-plant association? Age, paleoenvironments and sources of the Silurian lake sediments at Kerrera, Argyll and Bute, Scotland". Historical Biology: 1–13. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2367554. ISSN 0891-2963.
- ^ "Fossil millipede found to be oldest land creature". CNN (from Reuters). 27 January 2004.