Back السياسة في جورجيا Arabic Gürcüstanın dövlət quruluşu Azerbaijani Държавно устройство на Грузия Bulgarian Politisches System Georgiens German سیاست در گرجستان Persian Politique en Géorgie French Politik Georgia ID Политика на Грузија Macedonian Politica Georgiei Romanian Государственный строй Грузии Russian
Politics of Georgia | |
|---|---|
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| Polity type | Parliamentary republic |
| Constitution | Constitution of Georgia |
| Legislative branch | |
| Name | Parliament of Georgia |
| Type | Unicameral |
| Meeting place | Tbilisi |
| Presiding officer | Shalva Papuashvili (Disputed)[1], Chairman of Parliament |
| Executive branch | |
| Head of state | |
| Title | President of Georgia |
| Currently | disputed between Salome Zourabichvili and Mikheil Kavelashvili[2] |
| Appointer | Electoral College |
| Head of government | |
| Title | Prime Minister of Georgia |
| Currently | Irakli Kobakhidze (Disputed)[3] |
| Appointer | Parliament of Georgia |
| Cabinet | |
| Name | Government of Georgia |
| Current cabinet | Kobakhidze I(Disputed)[4] |
| Deputy leader | Tea Tsulukiani Levan Davitashvili |
| Appointer | Prime Minister of Georgia |
| Headquarters | State Chancellery |
| Ministries | 12 |
| Judicial branch | |
| Name | Judiciary of Georgia |
| Courts | Courts of Georgia |
| Constitutional Court | |
| Chief judge | Merab Turava |
| Seat | Batumi |
| Supreme Court | |
| Chief judge | Nino Kadagidze |
| Seat | Tbilisi, Kutaisi |
Politics in Georgia involve a parliamentary representative democratic republic with a multi-party system. The President of Georgia is the ceremonial head of state and the Prime Minister of Georgia is the head of government. The Prime Minister and the Government wield executive power. Legislative power is vested in both the Government and the unicameral Parliament of Georgia.
The Georgian state is highly centralized, except for the autonomous regions of Abkhazia and Adjara and the former autonomous region of South Ossetia. Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which had autonomy within the Georgian SSR during Soviet rule, unilaterally seceded from Georgia in the 1990s. While, as of 2016[update], the Georgian government recognizes Abkhazia as autonomous within Georgia, it does not recognize South Ossetia as having any special status.[5]
Since achieving independence from the Soviet Union, Georgian politics has been characterized by a schism over its relationship with Russia on one hand and Europe on the other hand.[6][7][8] Since the early 2010s, Georgian politics has been characterized by a contentious rivalry between two main political parties, Georgian Dream and the United National Movement (UNM).[8] In the early 2020s, scholars raised concerns about democratic backsliding in Georgia.[6][7][8]
- ^ Due to the disputed 2024 Georgian parliamentary election, papuashvili is no longer recognized as a legitimate chairman of parliament of Georgia by all elected opposition parties, outgoing president Salome Zourabichvili, and Georgian constitutional experts.
- ^ Kavelashvili's election is contested by outgoing President Salome Zourabichvili, all large opposition parties, as well as numerous watchdogs and constitutional experts,[who?] who question the legitimacy of the 2024 Georgian parliamentary election that determined the composition of the electoral collage for the presidential election.
- ^ Due to the disputed 2024 Georgian parliamentary election, Kobakhidze is no longer recognized as a legitimate Prime Minister of Georgia by all elected opposition parties, outgoing president Salome Zourabichvili, and Georgian constitutional experts.
- ^ Due to disputed legitimacy of Irakli Kobakhidze his whole cabinet is disputed
- ^ Nana Bolashvili, Andreas Dittmann, Lorenz King, Vazha Neidze (eds.): National Atlas of Georgia, 138 pages, Steiner Verlag, 2018, ISBN 978-3-515-12057-9
- ^ a b "Why Georgia Has Erupted in Protest". Journal of Democracy. 2024.
- ^ a b "The Dangers of Democratic Backsliding in Georgia | Council on Foreign Relations". www.cfr.org. 2023.
- ^ a b c "Divided Georgia: A Hostage to Polarization". carnegieendowment.org. 2021.