Potassium chloride

Potassium chloride
Names
	Other names Sylvite; Muriate of potash;
Identifiers
CAS Number	7447-40-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:32588 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200731 ;
ChemSpider	4707 ;
DrugBank	DB00761 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.374
E number	E508 (acidity regulators, ...)
KEGG	D02060 ;
PubChem CID	4873;
RTECS number	TS8050000;
UNII	660YQ98I10 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5021178 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/ClH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Key: WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M ; InChI=1/ClH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Key: WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-REWHXWOFAZ;
	SMILES [Cl-].[K+];
Properties
Chemical formula	KCl
Molar mass	74.555 g·mol−1
Appearance	white crystalline solid
Odor	odorless
Density	1.984 g/cm3
Melting point	770 °C (1,420 °F; 1,040 K)
Boiling point	1,420 °C (2,590 °F; 1,690 K)
Solubility in water	27.77 g/100mL (0 °C) ; 33.97 g/100mL (20 °C) ; 54.02 g/100mL (100 °C)
Solubility	Soluble in glycerol, alkalies ; Slightly soluble in alcohol Insoluble in ether
Solubility in ethanol	0.288 g/L (25 °C)
Acidity (pKa)	~7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−39.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.4902 (589 nm)
Structure
Crystal structure	face centered cubic
Space group	Fm3m, No. 225
Lattice constant	a = 629.2 pm
Coordination geometry	Octahedral (K+); Octahedral (Cl−)
Thermochemistry
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	83 J·mol−1·K−1
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−436 kJ·mol−1
Pharmacology
ATC code	A12BA01 (WHO) B05XA01 (WHO)
Routes of; administration	Oral, IV, IM
	Pharmacokinetics:
Excretion	Kidney: 90%; Fecal: 10%
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 0 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	2600 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 1450
Related compounds
Other anions	Potassium fluoride; Potassium bromide; Potassium iodide
Other cations	Lithium chloride; Sodium chloride; Rubidium chloride; Caesium chloride; Ammonium chloride
Related compounds	Potassium hypochlorite; Potassium chlorite; Potassium chlorate; Potassium perchlorate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits.^[7] KCl is used as a fertilizer,^[8] in medicine, in scientific applications, domestic water softeners (as a substitute for sodium chloride salt), and in food processing, where it may be known as E number additive E508.

It occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite, which is named after salt's historical designations sal degistivum Sylvii and sal febrifugum Sylvii,^[9] and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite.^[10]

^ "Potassium chloride (PIM 430)". International Programme on Chemical Safety. 3.3.1 Properties of the substance. Archived from the original on 2010-12-04. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
^ "periodic-table-of-elements.org". Archived from the original (website shows values in g/100ml) on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
^ Sirdeshmukh DB, Sirdeshmukh L, Subhadra KG (2001). Alkali Halides: A Handbook of Physical Properties. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-42180-1.
^ ^a ^b Zumdahl SS (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
^ "Compound Summary for Potassium Chloride". PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine. CID 4873. Archived from the original on 2 August 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
^ Chambers M. "7447-40-7 - WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M - Potassium chloride [USP:JAN]". ChemIDplus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
^ Rayner-Canham G, Overton T (22 December 2013). Descriptive inorganic chemistry (Sixth ed.). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-1-4641-2557-7. OCLC 882867766.
^ "Potassium Fertilizers (Penn State Agronomy Guide)". Penn State Agronomy Guide (Penn State Extension). Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-10.
^ Watts, Henry (1883). A Dictionary of Chemistry and the Allied Branches of Other Sciences. Longmans, Green, and Company.
^ Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1] "Potassium chloride (PIM 430)". International Programme on Chemical Safety. 3.3.1 Properties of the substance. Archived from the original on 2010-12-04. Retrieved 2011-01-17.

[2] "periodic-table-of-elements.org". Archived from the original (website shows values in g/100ml) on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2019.

[3] Sirdeshmukh DB, Sirdeshmukh L, Subhadra KG (2001). Alkali Halides: A Handbook of Physical Properties. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-42180-1.

[Zumdahl-2009-4] Zumdahl SS (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.

[5] "Compound Summary for Potassium Chloride". PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine. CID 4873. Archived from the original on 2 August 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2015.

[6] Chambers M. "7447-40-7 - WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M - Potassium chloride [USP:JAN]". ChemIDplus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2017.

[7] Rayner-Canham G, Overton T (22 December 2013). Descriptive inorganic chemistry (Sixth ed.). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-1-4641-2557-7. OCLC 882867766.

[8] "Potassium Fertilizers (Penn State Agronomy Guide)". Penn State Agronomy Guide (Penn State Extension). Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-10.

[9] Watts, Henry (1883). A Dictionary of Chemistry and the Allied Branches of Other Sciences. Longmans, Green, and Company.

[Ullmann-10] Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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Names


Other names Sylvite Muriate of potash
Identifiers
CAS Number	7447-40-7^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:32588^Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200731^N
ChemSpider	4707^Y
DrugBank	DB00761^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.374
E number	E508 (acidity regulators, ...)
KEGG	D02060^Y
PubChem CID	4873
RTECS number	TS8050000
UNII	660YQ98I10^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5021178
InChI InChI=1S/ClH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1^Y Key: WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M^Y InChI=1/ClH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Key: WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-REWHXWOFAZ
SMILES [Cl-].[K+]
Properties
Chemical formula	KCl
Molar mass	74.555 g·mol⁻¹
Appearance	white crystalline solid
Odor	odorless
Density	1.984 g/cm³
Melting point	770 °C (1,420 °F; 1,040 K)
Boiling point	1,420 °C (2,590 °F; 1,690 K)
Solubility in water	27.77 g/100mL (0 °C) 33.97 g/100mL (20 °C) 54.02 g/100mL (100 °C)
Solubility	Soluble in glycerol, alkalies Slightly soluble in alcohol Insoluble in ether^[1]
Solubility in ethanol	0.288 g/L (25 °C)^[2]
Acidity (pK_a)	~7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−39.0·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Refractive index (n_D)	1.4902 (589 nm)
Structure
Crystal structure	face centered cubic
Space group	Fm3m, No. 225
Lattice constant	a = 629.2 pm^[3]
Coordination geometry	Octahedral (K⁺) Octahedral (Cl⁻)
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S^⦵₂₉₈)	83 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹^[4]
Std enthalpy of formation (Δ_fH^⦵₂₉₈)	−436 kJ·mol⁻¹^[4]
Pharmacology
ATC code	A12BA01 (WHO) B05XA01 (WHO)
Routes of administration	Oral, IV, IM
Pharmacokinetics:
Excretion	Kidney: 90%; Fecal: 10%^[5]
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 0 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD₅₀ (median dose)	2600 mg/kg (oral, rat)^[6]
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 1450
Related compounds
Other anions	Potassium fluoride Potassium bromide Potassium iodide
Other cations	Lithium chloride Sodium chloride Rubidium chloride Caesium chloride Ammonium chloride
Related compounds	Potassium hypochlorite Potassium chlorite Potassium chlorate Potassium perchlorate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references

Potassium chloride

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