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Prompt engineering

Not to be confused with Command prompt.

Prompt engineering is the process of structuring or crafting an instruction in order to produce the best possible output from a generative artificial intelligence (AI) model.[1]

A prompt is natural language text describing the task that an AI should perform.[2] A prompt for a text-to-text language model can be a query, a command, or a longer statement including context, instructions, and conversation history. Prompt engineering may involve phrasing a query, specifying a style, choice of words and grammar,[3] providing relevant context, or describing a character for the AI to mimic.[1]

When communicating with a text-to-image or a text-to-audio model, a typical prompt is a description of a desired output such as "a high-quality photo of an astronaut riding a horse"[4] or "Lo-fi slow BPM electro chill with organic samples".[5] Prompting a text-to-image model may involve adding, removing, emphasizing, and re-ordering words to achieve a desired subject, style,[6] layout, lighting,[7] and aesthetic.

  1. ^ a b Genkina, Dina (March 6, 2024). "AI Prompt Engineering is Dead: Long live AI prompt engineering". IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
  2. ^ Radford, Alec; Wu, Jeffrey; Child, Rewon; Luan, David; Amodei, Dario; Sutskever, Ilya (2019). "Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners" (PDF). OpenAI. We demonstrate language models can perform down-stream tasks in a zero-shot setting – without any parameter or architecture modification
  3. ^ Wahle, Jan Philip; Ruas, Terry; Xu, Yang; Gipp, Bela (2024). "Paraphrase Types Elicit Prompt Engineering Capabilities". In Al-Onaizan, Yaser; Bansal, Mohit; Chen, Yun-Nung (eds.). Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Miami, Florida, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics. pp. 11004–11033. arXiv:2406.19898. doi:10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.617.
  4. ^ Heaven, Will Douglas (April 6, 2022). "This horse-riding astronaut is a milestone on AI's long road towards understanding". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
  5. ^ Wiggers, Kyle (June 12, 2023). "Meta open sources an AI-powered music generator". TechCrunch. Retrieved August 15, 2023. Next, I gave a more complicated prompt to attempt to throw MusicGen for a loop: "Lo-fi slow BPM electro chill with organic samples."
  6. ^ Diab, Mohamad; Herrera, Julian; Chernow, Bob (October 28, 2022). "Stable Diffusion Prompt Book" (PDF). Retrieved August 7, 2023. Prompt engineering is the process of structuring words that can be interpreted and understood by a text-to-image model. Think of it as the language you need to speak in order to tell an AI model what to draw.
  7. ^ "How to Write AI Photoshoot Prompts: A Guide for Better Product Photos". claid.ai. June 12, 2023. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
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