Red Russia or Red Russian may refer to:
- Communism in Russia; in particular:
- The Bolsheviks, party that seized power in Russia during the 1917 October Revolution
- Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–91)
- Winning side in the Russian Civil War (1917–23)
- Soviet Union (1922–91), pars pro toto, the Russian SFSR being the predominant component of the union
- Red Ruthenia, a historical region of eastern Europe now split between Ukraine and Poland
- Red Russian (cocktail), vodka with either cherry liqueur or strawberry schnapps
- Red Russia, a 1907 book by John Foster Fraser
- Red Russia, a 1919 book by John Reed (journalist)
- Red Russia, a 1931 book by Theodor Seibert