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Romania România (Romanian) | |
|---|---|
| Anthem: "Deșteaptă-te, române!" "Awaken thee, Romanian!" | |
.svg)  Location of Romania (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) | |
| Capital and largest city | Bucharest 44°25′N 26°06′E / 44.417°N 26.100°E |
| Official languages | Romanian |
| Ethnic groups (2021)[1] |
|
| Religion (2021)[2] |
|
| Demonym(s) | Romanian |
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic |
| Klaus Iohannis | |
| Marcel Ciolacu | |
| Ilie Bolojan | |
| Ciprian Șerban | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Senate | |
| Chamber of Deputies | |
| Establishment | |
| 1330 | |
| 1346 | |
| 24 January 1859 | |
• Independence from the Ottoman Empire | 10 May 1877 |
| 13 March 1881 | |
| 1 December 1918 | |
| 30 December 1947 | |
| 8 December 1991 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi)[3] (81st) |
• Water (%) | 3 |
| Population | |
• 2024 estimate |  19,064,409[4] (65th) |
• 2021 census | 19,053,815[5] |
• Density | 79.9/km2 (206.9/sq mi) (136th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2025 estimate |
• Total |  $940.523 billion[6] (35th) |
• Per capita | $49,943[6] (44th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2025 estimate |
• Total | $406.202 billion[6] (41st) |
• Per capita | $21,570[6] (56th) |
| Gini (2023) |  31.0[7]medium inequality |
| HDI (2022) | 0.827[8] very high (53rd) |
| Currency | Romanian leu (RON) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Date format | dd.mm.yyyy (CE) |
| Drives on | Right |
| Calling code | +40 |
| Internet TLD | .ro |
Romania[a] is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a mainly continental climate, and an area of 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi) with a population of 19 million people. Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Europe's second-longest river, the Danube, empties into the Danube Delta in the southeast of the country. The Carpathian Mountains cross Romania from the north to the southwest and include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft). Bucharest is the country's largest urban area and economic hub. Other major urban centres include Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Iași, Constanța and Brașov.
Settlement in the territory of modern Romania began in the Lower Paleolithic, later becoming the kingdom of Dacia before Roman conquest and Romanisation. The modern Romanian state emerged in 1859 through the union of Moldavia and Wallachia and gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. During World War I, Romania joined the Allies, and after the war, territories including Transylvania and Bukovina were integrated into Romania. In World War II, Romania initially aligned with the Axis but switched to the Allies in 1944. Following the war and occupation by the Red Army, Romania became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition towards democracy and a market economy.
Romania is a developing country with a high-income economy, recognized as a middle power[9] in international affairs. It is a unitary republic with a multi-party system and a semi-presidential representative democracy. It hosts several UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is a growing tourist attraction, receiving 13 million foreign visitors in 2023.[10] Romania is a net exporter of automotive and vehicle parts worldwide and has established a growing reputation as a technology center, supported by a highly skilled IT workforce. The country is also notable for providing its residents with some of the fastest internet speeds globally. Romania is a member of several international organizations, including the European Union, NATO, and the BSEC.
- ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după etnie (Recensământ 2021)". www.insse.ro (in Romanian). INS. Archived from the original on 2 July 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
- ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după religie (Recensământ 2021)". www.insse.ro (in Romanian). INS. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
- ^ "Romanian Statistical Yearbook (2023) – 1.8 Administrative organisation of Romanian territory, on December 31, 2022 (pg.17)" (PDF). www.insse.ro. INS. 19 February 2024.
- ^ "On 1st January 2024, the usually resident population amounted to 19064409 persons, a growth of 9.9 thousand persons compared to 1st January 2023" (PDF). www.insse.ro. INS. 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Populația după etnie la recensămintele din perioada 1930-2021". www.insse.ro (in Romanian). INS. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Romania)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ Radu Magdin (February 2021). "Middle Powers Realities in the EU amid Great Power Ambitions" (PDF). ier.gov.ro. European Institute of Romania. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- ^ "Travel and tourism in Romania - statistics & facts". statista.com. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
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