Back 29. granátnická divize SS (1. ruská) Czech 29. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS „RONA“ (russische Nr. 1) German 29e division SS (russe no 1) French 29. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (russische Nr. 1) Italian カミンスキー旅団 Japanese 친위대 제29무장척탄병사단 러시아 국민해방군 Korean 29. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (russische Nr. 1) Dutch 29 Dywizja Grenadierów SS (1 rosyjska) Polish 29-я добровольческая пехотная дивизия СС «РОНА» (1-я русская) Russian 29. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS RONA (russische Nr. 1) Swedish
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| Russian Liberation People's Army | |
|---|---|
| Русская освободительная народная армия | |
.jpg) Brigade's commanding officers during the suppression of the Warsaw Uprising, August 1944 | |
| Also known as | Waffen-Sturm-Brigade RONA (1944) |
| Leader | Bronislav Kaminski |
| Dates of operation | November 1941 – October 1944 / 1951 |
| Allegiance |  Nazi Germany Lokot Autonomy |
| Ideology | Nazism Agrarianism Russian nationalism[1][2] |
| Size | Brigade |
| Colors | White, Black, and Red |
| Shoulder patch |  |
The 29. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS „RONA” (russische Nr. 1), also known as the Russian Liberation People's Army (Russian: Русская освободительная народная армия, РОНА; transcription: Russkaya osvoboditel'naya narodnaya armiya, RONA), and as the Kaminski Brigade, was a collaborationist formation composed of Russian nationals from the territory of the Lokot Autonomy in Axis-occupied areas of the RSFSR, Soviet Union on the Eastern Front.[3] It was known for loose discipline, drunkenness and extreme brutality, which shocked even hardened SS veterans.[4]
It was founded in late 1941 as auxiliary police with 200 personnel. By mid-1943 it had grown to 10,000–12,000 men, equipped with captured Soviet tanks and artillery.[3] Bronislav Kaminski, the unit's leader, named it the Russian People's Liberation Army (Russian: Русская освободительная народная армия (РОНА), romanized: Russkaya Osvoboditelnaya Narodnaya Armiya, (RONA)) With a forced mobilization of the locals to his militia in 1942, Kaminski turned it into a sort of a small regular army of the Lokot Autonomy, or the "Lokot Republic", and into a "private" army subordinate personally to him.[5][6]
After the Wehrmacht lost the Battle of Kursk in August 1943, RONA personnel retreated to the territory of Byelorussia, especially to the Lepel area of Vitebsk, where they participated in German security operations, committing numerous atrocities against the civilian population.[7] The unit was absorbed into the Waffen-SS in June 1944. After Operation Bagration (June to August 1944), the RONA retreated further west, and by the end of July 1944, the remains of the Kaminski unit (3 to 4 thousand—some sources estimate 6 to 7 thousand) assembled at the SS training camp at Neuhammer (now Świętoszów). On the base of the Kaminski unit, SS leaders planned to form an SS division – the 29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS RONA (1st Russian).
The Warsaw Uprising began on the same day that Heinrich Himmler signed an order for the establishment of the division (1 August 1944). The division formation was never implemented and part of the brigade was sent to Warsaw, where the unit again committed numerous atrocities. It murdered 10,000 Poles on the 19th of August alone.[8] Kaminski was later executed on the orders of Himmler. By August 27, 1944, having found the brigade too undisciplined and unreliable, the German commanders removed it from Warsaw. The unit was sent to Slovakia, and deployed against Slovak partisans. After the end of October 1944 the brigade was disbanded and the remaining personnel absorbed into General Andrey Vlasov's Russian Liberation Army.
After the war, former members of the brigade and supporters of the Lokot Autonomy formed a partisan movement, which slowly degenerated into organized crime groups and was suppressed in 1951.[9][10]
- ^ "История Общество Политика 2018 №3(7)" (PDF).
- ^ Ермолов И.Г. (2020). Три года без Сталина. Оккупация: советские граждане между нацистами и большевиками. 1941-1944. Центрполиграф. ISBN 9785457035249.[page needed]
- ^ a b Rolf-Dieter Mueller, The Unknown Eastern Front, (Palgrave Macmillan, New York 2012), p. 222.
- ^ Finder, Gabriel N.; Prusin, Alexander V. (2018). Justice Behind the Iron Curtain: Nazis on Trial in Communist Poland. University of Toronto Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-1-4875-2268-1.
- ^ Ермолов, Игорь (2009). Русское государство в немецком тылу (in Russian). Центрполиграф. ISBN 9785952444874.
- ^ The Kings and the Pawns: Collaboration in Byelorussia during World War II. Berghahn Books. March 2011. ISBN 978-0-85745-043-2.
- ^ Bishop, Chris (2003). SS: Hell on the Western Front. Staplehurst: Spellmount. pp. 91–92. ISBN 1-86227-185-2.
- ^ Bishop, Chris (2003). SS: Hell on the Western Front. Staplehurst: Spellmount. pp. 91–92. ISBN 1-86227-185-2.
- ^ Чуев, Сергей (2004). Проклятые солдаты (in Russian). Эксмо. ISBN 9785699059706.
Отдельные очаги сопротивления на Брянщине продолжали партизанскую войну до 1951 года, постепенно вырождаясь в бандгруппы... В бою с одной из таких групп при задержании её главаря был тяжело ранен начальник Комаричского отделения госбезопасности капитан Ковалёв.
- ^ Грибков, Иван (2008). Хозяин брянских лесов (in Russian). Москва. ISBN 9785880670734.
Действуя мелкими разрозненными группами, повстанцы, тем не менее, причиняют серьезное беспокойство советским властям. <...> Однако изолированное от внешних сил повстанчество постепенно вырождается в бандитизм. Последняя крупная банда, действовавшая несколько лет, была ликвидирована в 1951 г. в деревне Лагеревка («Финляндия»).
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