Back اضطراب الشخصية الفصامية Arabic Шизотипно разстройство Bulgarian Trastorn de la personalitat esquizotípica Catalan Skizotypisk sindslidelse Danish Schizotypische Persönlichkeitsstörung German Σχιζότυπη διαταραχή προσωπικότητας Greek Trastorno esquizotípico de la personalidad Spanish Skisotüüpne isiksushäire Estonian Nortasunaren nahasmendu eskizotipiko Basque اختلال شخصیت اسکیزوتایپال Persian
| Schizotypal personality disorder | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Schizotypal disorder |
| Specialty | Psychiatry, clinical psychology |
| Symptoms | Ideas of reference, unusual beliefs, perceptual illusions, odd thinking and speech, paranoia, inappropriate affect, strange behavior, social anxiety, dissociation[1][2][3] |
| Complications | Schizophrenia, substance use disorder, major depressive disorder |
| Usual onset | 10–20 years old |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Causes | Genetics; childhood neglect; childhood abuse |
| Risk factors | Family history |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms |
| Differential diagnosis | Other cluster A personality disorders, borderline personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, autism, social anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dissociative identity disorder[1] [2][3] |
| Treatment | Cognitive behavioral therapy, metacognitive therapy, cognitive remediation therapy |
| Medication | Antipsychotics, antidepressants |
| Prognosis | Typically poor, although significant improvements can be made |
| Frequency | Estimated 3% of general population |
Schizotypal personality disorder (StPD or SPD), also known as schizotypal disorder, is a cluster A personality disorder.[4][5] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) describes the disorder specifically as a personality disorder characterized by thought disorder, paranoia, a characteristic form of social anxiety, derealization, transient psychosis, and unconventional beliefs.
People with this disorder often feel pronounced discomfort in forming and maintaining social connections with other people, primarily due to the belief that other people harbor negative thoughts and views about them.[6] Peculiar speech mannerisms and socially unexpected modes of dress are also characteristic. People with StPD may react oddly in conversations, not respond, or talk to themselves.[6] They frequently interpret situations as being strange or having unusual meanings for them; paranormal and superstitious beliefs are common. People with StPD usually disagree with the suggestion that their thoughts and behaviors are a 'disorder' and seek medical attention for depression or anxiety instead. Schizotypal personality disorder occurs in approximately 3% of the general population and is more commonly diagnosed in males.[7]
- ^ a b Ghorbali A, Shaeiri M, Fesharaki M (July 2021). "Relationship between Dissociative Experiences and Schizotypal Personality Traits: Mediating Role of Inferential Confusion". Iranian Journal of Psychiatry. 17 (1): 52–60. doi:10.18502/ijps.v17i1.8049. PMC 8994835. PMID 35480133.
- ^ a b Kaplan AM, Smith CM (20 July 2021). "Schizotypal personality disorder disguised as dissociative identity disorder". BMJ Case Reports. 14 (7): e243454. doi:10.1136/bcr-2021-243454. PMC 8292736. PMID 34285029.
- ^ a b Giesbrecht T, Merckelbach H, Kater M, Sluis AF (October 2007). "Why dissociation and schizotypy overlap: the joint influence of fantasy proneness, cognitive failures, and childhood trauma". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 195 (10): 812–818. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181568137. ISSN 0022-3018. PMID 18043521. S2CID 45086235. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ Sartorius N, Henderson A, Strotzka H, Lipowski Z, Yu-cun S, You-xin X, et al. "The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines" (PDF). www.who.int. World Health Organization. bluebook.doc. pp. 77, 83–4. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
- ^ Rosell DR, Futterman SE, McMaster A, Siever LJ (July 2014). "Schizotypal personality disorder: a current review". Current Psychiatry Reports. 16 (7): 452. doi:10.1007/s11920-014-0452-1. PMC 4182925. PMID 24828284.
- ^ a b Schacter DL, Gilbert DT, Wegner DM (2010). Psychology. Worth Publishers.
- ^ Pulay AJ, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Goldstein RB, Chou SP, Huang B, et al. (2009). "Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV schizotypal personality disorder: results from the wave 2 national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions". Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 11 (2): 53–67. doi:10.4088/PCC.08m00679. PMC 2707116. PMID 19617934.