Back اشتراكية علمية Arabic اشتراكيه علميه ARZ Socialismu científico AST Навуковы сацыялізм Byelorussian Socialisme científic Catalan Wissenschaftlicher Sozialismus German Scienca socialismo Esperanto Socialismo científico Spanish Sozialismo zientifiko Basque سوسیالیسم علمی Persian
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Scientific socialism in Marxism refers to the application of historical materialism to the development of socialism, as not just a practical and achievable outcome of historical processes, but the only possible outcome. It contrasts with Utopian Socialism by basing itself upon material conditions instead of concoctions and ideas, where "the final causes of all social changes and political revolutions are to be sought, not in men's brains, not in men's better insights into eternal truth and justice, but in changes in the modes of production and exchange. They are to be sought, not in the philosophy, but in the economics of each particular epoch."[1]
Fredrich Engels, who developed it alongside Karl Marx, described:
To accomplish this act of universal emancipation [proletarian revolution and communism] is the historical mission of the modern proletariat. To thoroughly comprehend the historical conditions and thus the very nature of this act, to impart to the now oppressed proletarian class a full knowledge of the conditions and of the meaning of the momentous act it is called upon to accomplish, this is the task of the theoretical expression of the proletarian movement, scientific Socialism.[1]
The term's modern meaning is based almost totally on Engels's book Socialism, Utopian and Scientific.