Back Maté syahid ACE شهيد (إسلام) Arabic Şəhid Azerbaijani Шәһит Bashkir শহিদ (ইসলাম) Bengali/Bangla Šehid BS Xahid Catalan Shahid Spanish شهید (اسلام) Persian Shahid Finnish
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Shaheed (Arabic: شهيد, romanized: Shahīd [ʃahiːd], fem. شهيدة [ʃahiːdah], pl. شُهَدَاء [ʃuhadaː]) is an Arabic word for martyr that has been adopted as a loanword in a wide variety of languages and cultures.[4]
The Arabic word is used frequently in the Quran in to mean "witness" but only once in the sense of "martyr" (i.e. one who dies for his faith); the association with Martyrdom acquires wider usage in the hadith.[5][6] The first martyr for Islam was a woman. The term's usage is also borrowed by non-Muslim communities where persianate Islamic empires held cultural influence, such as amongst Hindus and Sikhs in India. One of the most famous is Shaheed Bhagat Singh, a revolutionary executed by the British in Lahore in 1931. The movie 23rd March 1931: Shaheed is about Bhagat Singh, and the 1948 Bolywood film Shaheed was also made about the movement.
Like the English-language word martyr, in the 20th century, the word shaheed came to have both religious and non-religious connotations, and has often been used to describe those who died for non-religious ideological causes.[7][8]
The word is controversially sometimes used as a posthumous title for those who are considered to have accepted or even consciously sought out their own death in order to bear witness to their beliefs.[8]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
injurywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
exhumationwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Matthew Moore; Emma Henry (28 December 2007). "Benazir Bhutto killed in gun and bomb attack". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 30 December 2007. Retrieved 27 December 2007.
- ^ Khalid Zaheer (November 22, 2013). "Definition of a shaheed". Dawn. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
- ^ {{cite| quote = The word shahid (plural shahada) has the meaning of "martyr" and is closely related in its development to the Greek martyrios in that it means both a witness and a martyr [...] in the latter sense only once is it attested (3:141). | author = David Cook | url = http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0124.xml Oxford Bibliographies] Archived 2015-11-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, μάρτυ^ς". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 2020-08-02. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
- ^ Habib, Sandy (2017). "Dying for a Cause Other Than God: Exploring the Non-religious Meanings of Martyr and Shahīd". Australian Journal of Linguistics. 37 (3): 314–327. doi:10.1080/07268602.2017.1298395. S2CID 171788891.
- ^ a b Gölz, Olmo (2019), "Martyrdom and the Struggle for Power. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Martyrdom in the Modern Middle East (Editorial)", Behemoth, 12 (1): 2–13, archived from the original on 2019-05-17