Shimane usually refers to Shimane Prefecture, a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku of Honshu. Shimane may also refer to:
- Shimane at-large district, a constituency that represents Shimane Prefecture in the House of Councillors in the Diet of Japan
- Shimane, Shimane, a town located in Yatsuka District, Shimane Prefecture, Japan
- Shimane University, a national university in Japan