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| Sima Yong 司馬顒 | |
|---|---|
| Prince of Hejian (河間王) | |
| Tenure | 5 October 277 – c.late January 307 |
| Prince of Taiyuan (太原王) | |
| Tenure | 13 March 274[1] – 4 October 277 |
| Born | before 274[2] |
| Died | c.late January 307 |
| House | Jin dynasty |
| Father | Sima Gui |
Sima Yong (司馬顒)[3] (before 274 - c.late January 307[4]), courtesy name Wenzai (文載), was a Jin dynasty imperial prince and briefly a regent for Emperor Hui. He was the seventh of eight princes commonly associated with the War of the Eight Princes. His title was the Prince of Hejian (河間王), but he did not receive any posthumous names.
Though a distant cousin of Emperor Hui, Sima Yong was garrisoned at the important city of Chang'an to guard the Guanzhong region. When the Prince of Zhao, Sima Lun usurped the throne in 301, Sima Yong initially sided with him, but later joined the Prince of Qi, Sima Jiong, and the Prince of Chengdu, Sima Ying, in their coalition to restore Emperor Hui.
After the restoration, Sima Yong, intending for more imperial power, rekindled his alliance with Sima Ying at Ye, who vied to become crown prince. They campaigned against Sima Jiong and then the Prince of Changsha, Sima Ai at Luoyang for control over Emperor Hui, eventually succeeding in 304. That same year, however, Sima Ying was defeated by the Prince of Donghai, Sima Yue and his allies, so Sima Yong seized the emperor for himself and forcibly relocate him to Chang'an. Under his paramountcy, the empire was run by two courts; the Western Court in Chang'an and the Eastern Court in Luoyang. In fall 305, Sima Yue, with a large force in the east, formed a coalition against Sima Yong to bring Emperor Hui back to Luoyang. Sima Yong was defeated the following year and lost the emperor, but he was able to recapture Chang'an and held out in the city before he was assassinated in 307.
- ^ Sima Yan's biography in Book of Jin indicated that Sima Gui died on the gengchen day of the leap month of the 10th year of the Taishi era. The date corresponds to 12 March 274 on the Julian calendar.([泰始十年闰月]庚辰，太原王瑰薨。) Jin Shu, vol.03.
- ^ While historical sources did not indicate how old Sima Yong was when he inherited the title of Prince of Taiyuan, his father Gui was older than the Prince of Gaoyang, who was about 39 when he died a day before Gui.
- ^ not to be confused with his uncle who has a similar name when transliterated in English (司马邕).
- ^ Volume 86 of Zizhi Tongjian indicated that Sima Yong was killed between the renwu day and the xinchou day of the 12th month of the 1st year of the Guangxi era. The dates correspond to 20 Jan and 8 Feb 307 in the Julian calendar.