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Skatole

Skatole
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
3-Methyl-1H-indole
Other names
3-Methylindole
4-Methyl-2,3-benzopyrrole
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.001.338 Edit this at Wikidata
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C9H9N/c1-7-6-10-9-5-3-2-4-8(7)9/h2-6,10H,1H3 checkY
    Key: ZFRKQXVRDFCRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C9H9N/c1-7-6-10-9-5-3-2-4-8(7)9/h2-6,10H,1H3
    Key: ZFRKQXVRDFCRJG-UHFFFAOYAZ
  • Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12
  • c1cccc2c1c(c[nH]2)C
Properties
C9H9N
Molar mass 131.178 g·mol−1
Appearance White crystalline solid
Odor Fecal matter (pleasant flowery aroma in low concentrations)
Melting point 93 to 95 °C (199 to 203 °F; 366 to 368 K)
Boiling point 265 °C (509 °F; 538 K)
Insoluble
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Skatole or 3-methylindole is an organic compound belonging to the indole family. It occurs naturally in the feces of mammals and birds and is the primary contributor to fecal odor. In low concentrations, it has a flowery smell and is found in several flowers and essential oils, including those of orange blossoms, jasmine, and Ziziphus mauritiana. It has also been identified in certain cannabis varieties.[1]

It is used as a fragrance and fixative in many perfumes and as an aroma compound. It is also used in low concentrations in some ice cream as a flavor enhancer.[2] Its name derives from the Greek root skato-, meaning feces. Skatole was discovered in 1877 by the German physician Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919).[3][4][5]

Ich habe mich zuerst mit der Untersuchung der flüchtigen Bestandtheile der Excremente aus sauerer Lösung beschäftigt. Es wurden dabei die flüchtigen Fettsäuren: Essigsäure, normale und Isobuttersäure, sowie die aromatischen Substanzen: Phenol, Indol und eine neue dem Indol verwandte Substanz, die ich Skatol nennen werde, erhalten.

[I was occupied initially with the investigation of the volatile components of excrement in acidic solution. One obtained thereby volatile fatty acids: acetic acid; normal and isobutyric acid; as well as the aromatic substances: phenol, indole and a new indole-derived substance which I will name "skatole".]

— Brieger, (1878), page 130
  1. ^ Oswald, Iain W. H.; Paryani, Twinkle R.; Sosa, Manuel E.; Ojeda, Marcos A.; Altenbernd, Mark R.; Grandy, Jonathan J.; Shafer, Nathan S.; Ngo, Kim; Peat, Jack R.; Melshenker, Bradley G.; Skelly, Ian; Koby, Kevin A.; Page, Michael F. Z.; Martin, Thomas J. (2023-10-12). "Minor, Nonterpenoid Volatile Compounds Drive the Aroma Differences of Exotic Cannabis". ACS Omega. 8 (42): 39203–39216. doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c04496. ISSN 2470-1343. PMC 10601067. PMID 37901519.
  2. ^ "The Chemistry of Ice Cream – Components, Structure, & Flavour". Compound Interest. 2015-07-14. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
  3. ^ Brieger, Ludwig (1877). "Über die flüchtigen Bestandtheile der menschlichen Excremente" [On the volatile components of human excrement]. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 10: 1027–1032. doi:10.1002/cber.187701001288. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  4. ^ Brieger, Ludwig (1878). "Über die flüchtigen Bestandtheile der menschlichen Excremente". Journal für Praktische Chemie. 17: 124–138. doi:10.1002/prac.18780170111. Retrieved 3 November 2020. Das Skatol ... (von το σχατος = faeces) ... (Skatole ... (from το σχατος = feces....)
  5. ^ Brieger, Ludwig (1879). "Über Skatol" [On skatole]. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 12 (2): 1985–1988. doi:10.1002/cber.187901202206. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
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