Body | μ [m3 s−2] | |
---|---|---|
Sun | 1.32712440018(9) | × 1020 [1] |
Mercury | 2.20320(9) | × 1013 [2] |
Venus | 3.24858592(6) | × 1014 [3] |
Earth | 3.986004418(8) | × 1014 [4] |
Moon | 4.9048695(9) | × 1012 |
Mars | 4.282837(2) | × 1013 [5] |
Ceres | 6.26325 | × 1010 [6][7][8] |
Jupiter | 1.26686534(9) | × 1017 |
Saturn | 3.7931187(9) | × 1016 |
Uranus | 5.793939(9) | × 1015 [9] |
Neptune | 6.836529(9) | × 1015 |
Pluto | 8.71(9) | × 1011 [10] |
Eris | 1.108(9) | × 1012 [11] |
The standard gravitational parameter μ of a celestial body is the product of the gravitational constant G and the mass M of that body. For two bodies, the parameter may be expressed as G(m1 + m2), or as GM when one body is much larger than the other:
For several objects in the Solar System, the value of μ is known to greater accuracy than either G or M. The SI unit of the standard gravitational parameter is m3⋅s−2. However, the unit km3⋅s−2 is frequently used in the scientific literature and in spacecraft navigation.
Astrodynamic Constants
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